720 PLAGIOSTOMATA— SELACHOIDEI. 



Sphyrna xiig(ena, Miiller and Henle, Plagios. p. 51 ; Richards. let. China, p. 194 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 80 ; 



Cantor, Catal. Mai. Fish. p. 401. .. ,,o -r> ' -i xi- i. w i, r> • ■ ooi 



Ce^racion zygcena, Gill, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vii, p. 403 ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, p. 382 ; 



Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 270. 



Gestracion Leeuwenii, Dumeril, 1. c. p. 383. 



The hind edge of the lateral expansion of the head nearly equals its width near the eye, and has a 

 groove along almost its entire anterior edge. Nostrils close to the eye. Colours— hodj and fins slaty-gray : 

 under surface white. 



Habitat. — Tropical and temperate seas. 



3. Zagsena tudes, Plate CLXXXVIIl, fig. 4. 



Sqnale panfouflier, Laccpede, i, p. 261, t. vii, f. 3. 



Squalus zygmia, Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 8, and Kama sorra, pi. xu. ^ , ... „„^ 



Zygcena tudes, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Val. Mem. Mus. ix, p. 225, pi. ii, f. 1 ; Gunthcr, Catal. vin, p. 382. 

 Sphyrna tades, Mull, and Henle, Plagiost. p. 53 ; Miill. and Trosch. in Schomburgh, Brit. Gman. iii, 



p. 642. 



Cestracion tudes, Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, p. 384. 



Anterior edge of head curved, but the front margin is not continuous with the lateral one : the length of 

 its hind margin les^ than its width near the eye. i;2/es— situated just below the junction of the anterior and 

 outer edo-es of the snout. Nostril close to the eye, and a gi'oove running along the anterior edge of the head. 

 Teeth— oUiqae, with a notched outer edge. I'ms— dorsal arises above the hmd margin of the inner edge 

 of the pectoral fin, its height equals the length of the pectoral : second dorsal over the hmd half of the anal : 

 leno-th of the base of the anal extends 2/3 of the distance to the ventral : caudal 3 to 3^ m the total length. 

 (3'o;o,„.s_Gray, becoming lighter beneath: first dorsal fin very dark, the upper portion of the second dorsal 

 and the lower caudal lobe deep black in newly captured examples, the colour fading after they have been some 

 time in spirit. One example, captured at Cochin, Dec. 27th, 1872, besides the black marks on the fins 

 mentioned, had the hind edge of the dorsal and the end of the pectorals dark. 



Habitat.— Mediterv&nean, Indian Ocean and Archipelago, also tropical parts of the Atlantic. It attains 

 several feet in length. 



Third group— Mustelina. 

 Teeth small, having a central, and one or two smaller lateral cusps : or the teeth may be ohtuse. 

 Genus, 5 — Tei^nodos, ilUUer and Hevle. 



No spiracles. Membrana nictitans p)resent. Mouth crescentic, with a pit behind its angle. Teeth numerous in 

 both jaws and consisting of one central cusp and a smaller lateral one on either side. First dorsal spineless placed 

 opposite the interspace between the pectoral and ventral fins. Lower caudal lobe distinct. A ptt at the root of the 

 caudal fin. 



Trisnodon obtusus, Plate CLXXXIX, fig. 3. 



Snout short and rounded, the distance between the mouth and the end of the snout equals about 1/2 the 

 width of the mouth. Nostrils nearer end of snout than the mouth, each with a flap. Eye of moderate size. 

 Gill-openings rather wider than the orbit. No spiracle. Teef/i— with one central and a small lateral cusp on 

 either side. Fins—fhe first dorsal commences behind the inner angle of the pectoral and its base does not 

 extend to above the ventral. Second dorsal not quite 1/2 as large as the first and situated above the anal. 

 Pectoral reaches to below the middle of the first dorsal : caudal fin nearly 1/4 of the total length. Colours— 

 dark above, becoming lighter beneath. 



This species is allied to T. obesus, Ruppell, but its first dorsal fin is more advanced, and its second dorsal 

 considerably smaller than shown in Riippell's figure or the examples in the British Museum. 



Habitat. — One example, nineteen inches in length, was obtained at Kurrachee : it is a young male. 



Genus, 6 — Mustelus, Cuvier. 



Membrana nictitans present. Small spiracles behind the eyes. _ Mouth crescentic, ivith long labial folds. 

 Teeth small, numerous, similar in both jaws, pavement like, obtuse or with indistinct cusps. The first dorsal fin 

 spineless, situated above the interspace between the pectoral and ventral : the second nearly as large as the first : 

 caudal without a distinct lower lobe, cmd no pit at the commencement of the fin. 



Geographical distribution.— Bea.s. of tropical and temperate regions. Not recorded from the Red Sea. 



Mustelus manazo, Plate CLXXXVI, fig. 3. 



Mustelus vulgaris, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon, Poiss. P; _303, t. cxxxiv. 

 Mustelus manazo, Bleeker, Japan, p. 126 ; Gunther, Catal. viii, p. 387. 

 Pa sorrah, Tel. 



