on the outside of the bends are usually kept perpendicular 

 by the current which continually undermines them. 



Fronting the degraded banks, we usually find level terraces 

 built up during seasons of high water from the material 

 derived by the stream in the upper part of its course. These 

 terraces rise from three to five or six feet — rarely more — 

 above the stream bed and they are very level on top. The 

 more extensive ones are utilized as farm and garden lands. 

 Such is the case with the terrace below the Idlewood Camp 

 Grounds opposite Section 8, with the Glen Flora terrace 

 opposite Section 7, and with the extensive terrace opposite 

 Section 5. The other terraces indicated upon the map are 

 uncultivated. A few cultivated terraces of small extent 

 exist in the gorge opposite North Evans village, but above 

 this the terraces and flats along the river side are largely in 

 a state of nature. 



At the North Evans station, about a mile and a half above 

 the mouth of the creek, the gorge is spanned by two railroad 

 bridges — that of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 

 Railroad, a stone bridge, and that of the Western New York 

 and Pennsylvania and the Nickel Plate Railroads, an iron 

 structure. At the stone bridge the gorge has a depth of 

 eighty-eight feet, and it is between this point and the lake 

 shore that the most interesting sections are exposed, these 

 alone being considered in the following pages. 



Age of the Gorge.— The gorge is wholly post-glacial in 

 origin ; there is, however, a pre-glacial valley which mouths 

 about a mile to the north of the present gorge. This valley 

 which is over a thousand feet wide, and a section of which is 

 seen in the bank on the lake shore, is deeply filled with drift 

 material, containing many Corniferous Limestone boulders. 

 The vallev of this old river, which may be called the pre- 

 glacial Idlewood river, underlies the estate of Mr. Albert 

 Myer, but it has not been traced inland beyond this. Mr. 



