Vll 



PAGE 



3. Fish reactions to polluting substances .• 408 



4. Treatment of by-products of the manufacture of coal gas.. 409 



VIII. Summary 409 



IX. Acknowledgments 410 



X. Literature consulted 410 



* 



ARTICLE VII. SOME EDIBLE AND POISONOUS MUSHROOMS. BY 

 WALTER B. McDOUGALL, Ph.D. (2 Figurks, 59 Plates) Novem- 

 ber, 1917 413-555 



Introduction 413 



Mushrooms and toadstools 414 



The mushroom plant 414 



Life history and development 414 



Structure 417 



Spore production and liberation 417 



Other types of mushrooms 419 



The ecology of mushrooms 420 



Dissemination 420 



Gravity 421 



Air 421 



Heat 421 



Light 422 



Substratum 422 



Water 422 



Parasites and saprophytes 423 



Mycorrhizas 424 



Animal relations 425 



Diseases 427 



Fairy rings 427 



Luminosity 427 



Mushroom-growing 429 



Food value of mushrooms 430 



Poisonous properties of mushrooms 430 



Collecting wild mushrooms 431 



Preparation of mushrooms for the table ■ • 433 



Classification of mushrooms 435 



Use of the key 436 



Key to genera of gill fungi • • • ■ 437 



Descriptions and illustrations of species 440-552 



Reference to literature 554 



Index to described or briefly characterizetl species 555 



