336 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



Alameda County, on the steep hillsides and rolling hills from Warm 

 Springs along to Niles, are grown early green vegetables on account of the 

 remarkable freedom from, hard frosts, } r et the valley below often suffers 

 severely. 



However, to trust implicitly to elevation, without previous knowledge of 

 the nature of the country, would be hazardous, because there are many 

 exceptions. 



In regard to my expression, that no climate can be equally adapted to 

 the growth of evergreen and deciduous fruit, I think too much has not been 

 said. True, as you said, the olive flourishes on the plain, beside the pear 

 and plum, still I am certain it does better on the rolling hills (provided 

 there be moisture enough) than on the plain. It would ripen earlier and 

 have a better drained and warmer soil. What I mean to convey in my 

 remark is that on warmer and more frost-free hills and swells, the favorite 

 home of the olive, the deciduous trees are not so much at home as the ever- 

 green. In fact they do not have their necessary rest in such places. As 

 instance of this: Silva & Son told me they had to remove their nursery of 

 hardier deciduous trees from the foothills of Newcastle, to the valley near 

 Lincoln, because in the former place these trees continued growing all 

 winter and did not receive the necessary rest. On the mesa lands in 

 Southern California, experience has taught people that the winters are 

 often too mild to keep the hardier deciduous trees in perfect health. 



That the question of selecting proper locations for profitable orange grow- 

 ing in this portion of the State is one of greater difficulty than in the south, 

 I feel certain no fair-minded person, at all familiar with the climatic con- 

 ditions of both parts, will deny. As a general rule, we must select here for 

 orange locations, places in the foothills or on rolling lands slightly above 

 the general level, and in this case local experience regarding cold and 

 warm currents will prove a valuable guide. 



In the above I have recorded some facts tending to throw some light on 

 a subject not generally known or indeed even understood, as it no doubt 

 will be in years to come, when we shall be better able to point out the 

 reasons of climatic variations. The general explanation that the cold air 

 sinks down the slopes and spreads over the level land, explains a great 

 deal, yet it is not sufficient. In this short and necessarily incomplete 

 communication, I have but imperfectly covered the ground, but I trust it 

 will serve to explain my reasons for taking the stand I have. 



