Trelease — Botany During the 19th Century. 141 



and the great Silva of Sargent, now nearly completed, stands 

 quite alone. Eaton and Engelraann laid a good foundation 

 for the further study of pteridophytes, which Davenport, Rob- 

 inson, Underwood and others have later brought to the hands 

 of every working botanist. Through the work of Sullivant, 

 Lesquereux, James, Austin, Barnes and Underwood, thebryo- 

 phytes have been similarly put within easy reach, though the 

 current work of Mrs. Britton, Evans, Renauld and Cardot 

 shows that even more than with the superior groups, the field 

 for systematic research is here still open. By the publica- 

 tions of Harvey, Farlow, Collins and others on marine forms, 

 and of Wood, Wolle and others on those of fresh water, our 

 algae have been exceptionally well blocked out. Tucker- 

 mann, Willey and Williams have brought the lichens 

 together; and though less advanced than either of the 

 others, the great group of fungi, because of its size, 

 has been the subject of more actual work than all of the 

 remaining cryptogams, and the names of Berkeley, an Enlish- 

 man, and of Schweinitz, Curtis, Ravenel, Farlow, Thaxter, 

 Peck and Ellis stand out prominent among those who have 

 contributed to its lasting literature. Like the great English 

 botanists, Americans have been closer adherents to the 

 DeCandolle classification of flowering plants than to the later 

 French and German systems until very recently ; but the dis- 

 position of to-day is strongly toward the latter. I may 

 mention, in passing, that the new plantations of the Missouri 

 Botanical Garden will be twofold, — one portion illustrating 

 the now familiar but rapidly passing French-English system, 

 while another and greater part will follow the general lines of 

 the present German school. 



Americans were quick to take up the Darwinian ideas of 

 evolution, — none quicker than the great botanist Asa Gray, 

 and it may not be going too far if I say that nowhere in the 

 world has horticultural advantage been more fully taken of 

 their teaching than in America, Bailey's varied work in this 

 field being particularly mentionable. 



Though morphological teachings were prevalent in the mid- 

 dle part of the century, as a research subject morphology has 

 been confined to the later years, during which, in connection 



