132 • TRANSACTIONS OP THE 



income will be twenty million dollars, instead of five million dollars, 

 and the labor the same; that then the income o£ each will be one 

 thousand dollars, instead of two hundred and fifty dollars to-daj^ 



There are fears that this industry will be overdone. What the 

 future will evolve, of course, is only conjecture; but there are cer- 

 tain facts on wdiich w^e may base an opinion of the future. It is a 

 fact that France, Germany, and other wine producing countries, by 

 reasons of phylloxera and bad seasons, have not produced a half of 

 a crop; -whereas their wants are increasing. To fill this void, they 

 are lengthening their short crops by artificial means — by adultera- 

 tion. This is getting to be well understood, and consumers are begin- 

 ning to look to other sources for supply. California is stepping out 

 to fill this place, and I think if the people are only true to them- 

 selves; if they will guard the. purity of their products; if with jeal- 

 ous care they see that no one makes an adulterated product; if they 

 will, by the selections of the best adapted grapes for special purpose, 

 and a special locality, and, with painstaking, make their wine and 

 brand}^, they need not fear for the future. They will have the world 

 for a market. There may be temporary and individual hardships or 

 drawbacks, but the end will be prosperity. We have a country 

 where every season is a good season, with very few and compara- 

 tively insignificant drawbacks, when compared with other wine 

 producing countries. We have some local short crops, now here, 

 now there; but, as a whole, the song of the Winter is cherry and 

 happy. They plant, they prune, they reap. Maturity of the grape 

 is always perfect, and the average yield satisfactory. 



It is possible that I may be misled by an over-sanguine nature. 

 But I fully believe that the near future will witness great improve- 

 ment in the life and in the art of the agriculturists of California. 

 In fact, we already discern the signs of the coming advancement in 

 the achievements of the past and the desire of the present. 



Though a very young State, and thousands of miles from the best 

 markets, w^e have gathered for daily use the best machinerj^ that the 

 world produces, and to this native ingenuity has added still other 

 inventions of great value. Our farmers have searched the world and 

 obtained the best varieties of fruit trees; and California is now the 

 home of all the standard varieties. Every valuable plant and tree, 

 known to the world, is eagerly sought for by our people, and the 

 finest breeds of domestic animals have been domesticated here. 



And no one will deny, for- one moment, that California leads all the 

 States in producing running and trotting horses. Professor Marsh, 

 of the Yale Scientific School, tells us that the prehistoric horse was 

 a cumbersome beast, with five toes. Ages were required to produce 

 the hoof ; and Professor Breaer says that it took four thousand j^ears 

 to produce a three-minute horse. In 1818 Boston Blue made a mile 

 in three minutes. Six years later Top Gallant reached 2:40. After 

 that the record was lowered without a break every three or four years, 

 until in 1859 Flora Temple reached 2:191; while Dexter followed, 

 1867, with 2:17i. Goldsmith Maid, in 1874, made 2:14; and Maud S'. 

 reached 2:102^ in 1881; wdiile in 1856 there was but one horse in the 

 world that had trotted in 2:25, we had, in 1882, four hundred and 

 ninety-five with that record, an increase of seventy-six over 1881. 

 We have sixty horses with a 2:19 record, although nineteen years ago 

 there was not one in the country. And now California leaps to the 

 front and leads all the States. She has produced the fastest trotting 



