OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 307 



many other animals. The true character of this genus, for example, 

 so anomalous was its structure, could not be made out until after many 

 bones had been discovered. 



" These obscure surmises were ultimately cleared away by the 

 labors of Professor Kaup. He came to the conclusion, that the Dino- 

 therium was a pachydermatous animal, connected on one side with 

 the Mastodon by the form of its head, and by a great aperture for a 

 proboscis ; on the other, with the Tapir, by a peculiarity in the pre- 

 molar teeth. 



" In 1836, Dr. Klipstein completed the anatomy of the head by the 

 discovery of a cranium. This magnificent fossil, the only known 

 specimen of a cranium, has served to supply various scientific cabinets 

 with casts of the head. The head itself lies in the cellars of the Brit- 

 ish Museum ; the owner. Dr. Klipstein, not being able to obtain the 

 price he has thought right to demand for it. It was intimated to me, 

 by a friend of Dr. Klipstein, that I might purchase it on favorable 

 terms. 



" Anatomy. — The head of the Dinotherium giganteum is nearly 

 four feet long and about a foot and a half high ; the distance from 

 the orbitar fossa to the posterior edge of the temporal fossa is a foot 

 and a half ; the depth of the temporal fossa is about a foot ; the angle 

 of the OS frontis and occiput is from thirty-nine to forty degrees. The 

 summit of the head is divided into two parts by the occipital ridge, an 

 arrangement different from that in the Mastodon, which has the occipi- 

 tal ridge at the posterior termination of this summit. Behind this ridge 

 is the occipital surface, which is not vertical, as in the Mastodon, but 

 oblique, and presenting a large space for the attachment of muscles. 

 At its posterior termination is the occipital condyle, which has a globular 

 form, as in the Manatus and Dugong. In front of the occipital ridge is 

 seen the large nasal aperture, corresponding with that of the Elephant 

 and Mastodon, and affording strong evidence that the Dinotherium be- 

 longs to the Mammalian order Pachydermata. This surface termi- 

 nates anteriorly in the rostrated beak of the upper jaw. A large part 

 of the lateral surface of the head is occupied by the temporal fossa, 

 containing a space for the eye and for the immense temporal muscles. 

 " The lower jaw is remarkable for the circular curve downwards of 

 its two projecting tusks. When discovered, the jaw was broken across, 

 and the anterior fragment, separated by a space of a number of feet, 

 was supposed to have had its curve directed upwards, as in the Elephant, 



