14 Prussia an' 1 1 ht German System of Education. 



guidance of the Sentences of Peter the Lombard, called 

 the "Magister Sententiarum." In modern times, the 

 field has been greatly enlarged by the addition of Oriental 

 philology, biblical criticism, hermeneutics, antiquities, 

 church history and doctrinal history, homiletics, eatc- 

 chetics, Liturgies, pastoral theology and theory of church 

 government. No theological faculty is now considered 

 complete without separate professors for the exegetical, 

 historical, systematic and practical branches of divinity. 

 Professors may lecture however, in any department, if not 

 neglecting their immediate duties, Sehleiermacher, for 

 instance, taught in turn almost every branch of theology 

 and philosophy. 



2d. The Philosophical faculty is by far the most nume- 

 rous in its teachers and departments ; and besides 

 philosoph}' proper, it embraces history, ancient and modern 

 languages, mathematics, belles lettres. It was formerly 

 called the faculty of Arts (facultas artium liberalium,) 

 whence the terms, Bachelor and Master of Arts. 



In the middle ages, all human sciences, as distinct from 

 theology, were divided into seven artes liberates, viz., 

 grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, arithmetic, music, geometry 

 and astronomy. 



The first three constituted the Trivium ; the remaining 

 four the Quadrivium. The principal text-books in these 

 departments were the dialectical, ethical and physical 

 works of Aristotle, until the Reformation and the philo- 

 sophy of Bacon and Cartesius deposed the great Btagyrite 

 from his long reign. Since that time, although the 

 historical, philological and natural sciences have made 

 immense progress, the faculties have not kept pace with 

 them, in their reorganization. 



The Philosophical study, properly so called, includes 

 Logic, metaphysics, philosophy of nature, anthropology 

 and psychology, philosophy of law or political ethics, 



