464 ON THE LANGUAGE 



ghi Ft'lissm, the Seheick of Felissen, (amouqran, fern. ; mou- 

 grit signifies properly great ;) i ouerghaz, to the man ; s'ak- 

 ham, at home (a la maison ;) zig/i thesirt, from the mill. 



5. Sliaw is the only one who lias given us the personal 

 pronouns in this language. He has given the pronominal 

 adjectives or possessive pronouns as separable or indepen- 

 dent words, which all l)egin with ea or en, to whicii the pro- 

 nominal is suffixed. But tliese pronominal adjectives are 

 also suffixed to the substantive, as 7202/ mine, nek or nak thine, 

 and sen your (plural.) These, when suffixed to the verbs, 

 exi)ress the accusative or dative of the persons, i me, th 

 (in tiie Arabic with three points) him. These accusative or 

 dative pronouns are moreover prefixed to the verb, preced- 

 ed by the syllable adh, as adhi to me, adhasen to them. If 

 the verb is negative, tlie pronominal sound is annexed to it, 

 and so placed before the verb ; ex. ouagli yrwet, not us man 

 strikes (we are not struck.) In the second and third per- 

 sons of the pronouns there are different modes of connect- 

 ing them with substantives feminine, as in tlie Semitic lan- 

 guages. 



6. The root of the verb is the imperative. In order to 

 form preterites, gh is added at the end of the first person of 

 the singular, t at the begiiming of the second, and i at the 

 beginning of the third in the masculine and t in the feminine 

 — plural, 71 at tlie beginning of the first person, t at the begin- 

 ning of llie second, and 7?i at the end in the masculine and 

 ?nt in the feminine, and n at the end of the third person in 

 the masculine, and nt in the feminine. The present is ex- 

 pressed by putting ed or e before the preterite. The impe- 

 rative plural ends in the masculine in et, in the feminine in 

 imt. According to Shaw, in the countries where he was, 

 the present is not at all inflected, and in the preterite the 

 termination ^fls is suffixed: in both cases, however, the per- 

 sonal pronoun is prefixed. 



