68 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 



draws or canons in the edges of the valley some distance from 

 the stream. 



A full discussion of the distribution of Kansas trees will be 

 found in the eighth Biennial Report of the Kansas State Board 

 of Agriculture.* 



I will give here only an outline of communities as so far 

 observed. 



Copses. Thickets found along the margins of woods or in 

 the meadows previously described. Also along the banks of 

 water-courses. They consist of Rhamnus lanceolata, Rhus 

 glabra, Pyrus coronaria, P. loensis, Prunus Americana, Cor- 

 nus asperifolia, Corylus Americana. Where the soil is moist 

 Amorpha frulicosa is common. Climbing vines are com- 

 mon, such as Celastrus scandens, Vitis riparia, Polygonum 

 dumeiorum scandens. In the moist thickets along streams, 

 Apios tuberosa, Amphicarpaea monoica, Echinocystis lobata 

 and Sicyos angulata, occur. Along fences and similar habitats 

 one finds many of these shrubs and also Rhus Toxicodendron, 

 Rubus occidentalis, Rubus villosus and Rosa setigera. With 

 these are found a number of tall herbs such as Solidago 

 Canadensis, S. serotina, JErigeron Canadensis, Lactuca 

 Canadensis. 



Lowland Woods. In the bottom land along streams which 

 are not subject to overflow except in unusually high water we 

 find the timber reaching its greatest development. The fol- 

 lowing are characteristic. — Trees: Asimina triloba, Tilia 

 Americana, Acer dasycarpum, Negundo aceroides, Cercis 

 Canadensis, Gymnocladus Canadensis, Gleditschia triacan- 

 thos, Ulmusfulva, U. Americana, Celtis occidentalis, Morus 

 rubra, Platanus occidentalis, Juglans nigra, Carya olivae- 

 formis, C. sulcata, C. amara, Quercus macrocarpa, Q. 

 palustris, Salix amygdaloides, S. nigra, Poprdus moni- 

 lifera. Shrubs: Menispermum Canadense, Xanthoxylum 

 Americanum, Vitis cinerea, V. cordifolia, Aesadus argula, 

 Stajrfiylea trifolia, Ribes gracile, Sambucus Canadensis, 

 Symphoricaiyos vulgaris (found in several communities), 

 Smilax hispida. Herbs: only a very few common ones will 



* Mason, A Preliminary Report upon the Variety and Distribution of 

 Kausas Trees, p. 259. 



