THE HISTOLOGY OF THE CARYOPSIS AND ENDO- 

 SPERM OF SOME GRASSES.* 



L. H. Pammel. 



Quite a number of botanists have given good accounts 

 of the structure of the caryopsis of the economic grasses. 

 Of the writers we may mention Harz, 1 Hunt, 2 Goodale, 3 

 Hackel,' Jumelle, 5 True, 6 Blyth, 7 Tschirch aud Oesterle, 8 Van 

 Tieghem, 9 Sachs, 10 Schenk, 11 Morris and Brown, 13 Trelease, 13 

 Harshberger, 14 Tschirch, 15 Bessey, 16 Nageli, 17 Haberlandt, 18 

 and Ziinmermann. 19 



* Presented by title to The Academy of Science of St. Louis, Dec. 5, 1898. 



1 Harz. Landwirthschaftliche Samenkuude. Berlin. 2: 1235. pi. 135- 

 201. 



2 Hunt, F. L. A Kernel of Indian Corn. Prairie Farmer. 58: 196. — 

 Rep. Board of Trustees of University of 111. 13: 196. 1886. 



3 Goodale, G. L. Physiological Botany. 181. 



4 Hackel, Edward. The True Grasses. (Eng. Trans, by F. Lamson- 

 Scribner and Effle A. Southworth.) 24-25. 



6 Jumelle. Sur la constitution du fruit d. gramine'es. Soc. d. sci. Nancy. 

 Stance 23 Juillet, 1888. (According to Knoblauch. Just. Bot. Jahresb. 16: 

 432. — Also abstr. Bull. Soc. bot. de France. 36. Rev. Bibl. 5. 1889.) 



6 True. On the Development of the Caryopsis. Bot. Gaz. 18: 214. pi. 

 S4-26. 



7 Blyth. Foods, their, compositions and uses. 216. (4th ed.) 



8 Tschirch, A. und Oesterle, O. Anatomischer Atlas der Pharmakognosie 

 und Nahrungsmittelkunde. 9. pi. 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. 11. pi. 52, f. 5. pi. 

 53, f. 5-7. 



9 Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. V. 15: 246. 10 Sachs. Bot. Zeit. 1862: 146. 



11 Schenk. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen. Wien. 1872. 



i 2 Jour. Royal Chem. Soc. 57:458. 



is Bull. Univ. of Wis. Agrl. Exp. Sta. 5: 7-10. /. 1-3. 1885. 



i* Contr. Bot. Lab. Univ. Penn. 1: 85. 1893. 



16 Angewandte Pflanzenanatomie. Wien u. Leipzig. 548. /. 1-614. 1889. 



16 The structure of the wheat grain. Bull. Neb. Agrl. Exp. Sta. 100-114. 

 f. 1-15,[_16-]. 1894. 



17 Die Starkeko'rner. Pflanzenphys. Unt. Nageli u. Cramer. Zurich. 2: 

 10 + 624. 10 pi. 1858. 



i 8 Physiologische Pflanzenatomie. 358, 211. (2nd ed.) 



19 Ueber mechanische Einrichtungen zur Verbreitung der Samen und 

 Fruchte mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Torsionserejcheinungen. In- 

 augural-Dissertation. Pringsh. Jahrb. f. w. Bot. 12: 542-577. pi. 34-36. 



1881 Separate 41. 



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