296 Beyond the Sierras. 



it was not long until foreign and disUml markets felt the impact of new 

 tides which had their rise in the granaries and mills of California. And the 

 evening and the morning were the Third Day. 



With the increased agricu'tural development of the State there came to 

 pass a conflict between the farmers and the cuttle ranchers, similar, some- 

 what, to that already described between the riparians and the hydraulic 

 miners. This is to say that, as farming increased, the difficulty of conduct- 

 ing the cattle and sheep ranches Wiis augmented. The fence question was 

 at the bottom of it. The immense farming regions could not be fenced in. 

 Where was the timber for it? Where was anything else in sufficient abun- 

 dance to bound po vast inclosures? The herds, wandering over the valley 

 plains, drifted into the growing fields; and the farmers cried out against 

 the herdsmen. About a decade ago the No-fence Law was passed, by which 

 the farmers were relieved of the necessity of fences and the whole burden 

 was thrown on the ranchers. It was a crushing blow. Since that event the 

 business of herding has, I think, rapidly declined in nearly all parts of Cali- 

 fornia. It has given place to the third and, more recently, that fourth form 

 of industry which remains to be noticed. 



This fourth form is the horticultural phase. I suppose that it originated 

 in discovery; that is, it became, in course of time, a patent fact that California 

 was the place for raising fruits. It was found that the garden, as well as the 

 vast field of the farmer, was a source of limitless revenue. In the oUl Spanish 

 times it was already well known that the grape abounded and lluurished in 

 these regions; but the fact was of little utility to them. From the days of 

 Philip II. to the days of Don Carlos the Spanish race has been about the poorest 

 in the world in the way of applying knowledge to the benefit of men. It ap- 

 pears that the discovery of the fruitfalness of the lowlands of the Golden Suite 

 in the products of the garden and orchard came on as Shakespeare's descrip- 

 tion of love, like a rose in the night. One morning the Californians woke up 

 and found themselves famous on account of their fruits. It was almost like 

 the finding of gold in Sutter's mill-race. The fruitgrowing boom came on, 

 and California entered the present stage of her industrial development. And 

 the evening and the morning were the Fourth Day. 



Thus we find that four tolerably distinct epochs, or, as a son of Israel 

 would say, four i/ouis, have successively appeared in the industrial history 

 of California. The first was the Day of Gold, the second was the Day of 

 Cattle, the third was the Day of Wheat, and the fourth (he Day of Oranges — 

 .sometimes called the Day of Grapes. According to my horologe the Cali- 

 fornians are now about ten o'clock in the forenoon of the Day of Oranges. 

 These reflections may serve, perhaps, to explain the fact that Sunday is so 

 little observed in California! The Golden State has not yet reached the Day 

 of Rest in the cycle of her creation. Meanwhile, our engine has plunged, 

 headforemost, into Oakland.and issues on the pier with his eye on San Fran- 

 cisco. 



