450 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



nothing, and perhaps a generation will pass before the error is recti- 

 fied. For instance, I notice that some are planting the "Mission," 

 simpb^ out of pure ignorance that the conditions of the grape indus- 

 try have changed in the last five years. Such persons are only obsta- 

 cles to our progress. I can say this much, however, where the foot- 

 hills are warm and the grape matures early, plant, for wine, the late 

 maturing kinds, such as the Mataro, Grenache, and Carignan. You 

 cannot make a mistake with these three kinds. If you wish to make 

 a port, try the Trousseau, which the Viticuitural Commission say is 

 one of the true port wine grapes. 



To you who live in these mountains,*who are parents, the thought 

 that accompanies you in your daily toil is: " What shall I do with 

 my boys?" The time has gone by when he can seek in the miner's 

 life, by independent action, his livelihood. Mines, following the 

 example of most industries, are being concentrated in the hands of 

 capitalists, and can only be worked by the large expenditure of capi- 

 tal. Surely the miner's daily life for wages is not an inviting one; 

 neither is it favorable for intellectual or moral culture. The very 

 conditions of the permanency of your homes is not secure. There is 

 always an unspoken dread that the mines upon which the towns and 

 surrounding country depend may at any time fail, and this unrest 

 prevents progress. It drives men from your midst. Look at the list 

 of men who by mining accumulated fortunes in these counties, who 

 have departed to found homes in the cities and valleys of the State. 

 What they sought was permanency, solidity, security. It is yours, 

 then, while your children are growing up around you, to create new 

 vocations and industries that shall entice them to stay within the 

 hallowing influences of their natal homes. It is not alone the mate- 

 rial progress of the country which you will thus advance, but j^ou 

 will be laying deep the foundations of good morals and true religion. 

 The man whose mother's eye is upon him is not apt to go wrong, and 

 the pride of a family name is a great conservator of virtue. A home 

 is better than a policeman, and grandmothers are better than laws. 



Now, the want in this State, and a want that will in ten years be 

 more forcibly felt, is a corps of intelligent men scientifically trained 

 in the culture of fruit. The man who simply knows how to plow 

 must give waj^ before the educated farmer. Fruit producing will 

 soon be an art; the adept must be a student, and his vocation ele- 

 vated to the dignity of a profession. He must be an entomologist, a 

 chemist, a naturalist, a student of vegetable physiology — in fine, an 

 observing scholar. Your boy, educated as he should be for the voca- 

 tion of a horticulturist or viticulturist, will come back to you as a 

 giant. He will no longer be a plodder, or find his highest ambition 

 in being a clerk, or lawyer, or doctor. He will know that he has the 

 forces of nature at his command, and command them he will. These 

 hills will glow with the fervor of his energies. He will find in these 

 foothills the richest field for his efforts. He will not be a tradesman. 

 He will have smelt the clover's bloom, and, like the contending men 

 with the gods, when wearied he must embrace the earth. He will 

 build himself a home; here he will stay and set up his rest, his altar, 

 and his fires. He will be with you to close your eyes at your latest 

 day, and his children shall call him blessed. 



Choose, therefore, that your sons be educated to till the soil. I do 

 not mean, to learn the mere manual labor of a farm, but educated in 

 a higher sense. Brain is manure nowadays. Learning is a fertilizer. 

 Send such as you can spare to the University. If your public schools 



