272 A CHEMICAL STUDY OF 



The alcoliolic residue was ti-eated with cold distilled water. It had a slightly acid 

 reaction with litmus. An emulsion was formed on the addition of water to the alco- 

 liolic residue. A measured quantity of it was evaporated, dried, and weighed. It 

 amounted to 3.4 per cent., 0.4 per cent, of the alcoholic residue was insoluble in water. 

 Tannin, gallic acid, and alkaloids were tested for and with negative results. 



The liquid fi-om the aqueous treatment of the alcoholic residue was rendered alka- 

 line, and boiled with Fehling's solution, and there was no reduction. Boettger's bis- 

 muth test was also tried and with negative results. The aqueous portion was boiled 

 with acid and examined in the usual way for glucosides; the results were negative. 



One volume of the aqueous solution was mixed with three volumes of stronger 

 alcohol. It was placed on ice, and after some time a white precipitate formed. The 

 precipitate was collected and dissolved in water. It frothed on shaking. On addition 

 of a concentrated solution of caustic baryta, a creamy-white precipitate of saponin- 

 baryta was obtained. Sulphuric acid gave the usual red-violet color reaction with the 

 precipitate from the alcoholic aqueous solution. 



The method of successive agitation of an aqueous extract with solvents already 

 described was followed. Petroleum spirit on evaporating left a resinous substance. 

 The residue separated by chloroform from an acidified solution was a brownish- 

 colored substance. It was soluble in water, and fi-othed on shaking. It was colored 

 i-ed-violct by sulphuric acid, and the aqueous solution was precipitated by barium 

 hydrate. Chloroform sejiarated a brownish solid from an alkaline aqueous solution. 

 It was precipitated by barium, colored red-violet by sulphuric acid, and its aqueous 

 solution frothed on shaking. This brownish i-esidue was identified as saponin. 



Extract (4), tJie Yellow Base of the Leaf. 



The residual powder, dried from all traces of ether, was macerated with hot alcohol. 

 The alcoholic extract was a currant-colored liquid, and slightly acid in reaction. The 

 liquid became clear on standing, and a creamy-white solid, identified as saponin, 

 scpai'ated fi'om it. The alcoholic extract was evaporated, dried, and weighed, and the 

 ash of the residue was estimated. 



TOTAl, SOLIDS. 



AlcohoUr residue dried at 100"^ C 4.30 i)or cent. 



" llOOC 4.30 ■■ 



ash 0.05 



The alcoholic residue was treated with cold distilled water. The solution was 

 slightly colored, and faintl}' acid in reaction. The absence of gallic acid, tannin, and 

 alkaloids, Avas determined by negative results with iron salts, gelatine and alum solu- 



