T R A xN S A C T I N S 



OF TIIK 



AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, 



HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, 



FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. 



VOL. XVI.-NEW SERIES. 



PUB LIS HE I) BY TUE SOCIETY. 



V li i I a rt c 1 1) h I ii : 



MacCalla <& Company, Printers, 



1890. 



