382 THE CEETACEOUS AND TERTIAUY GEOLOGY 



It is presumed that these limestones are included in the paleozoic beds which 

 extend still higher. There is another break in the section here caused by the impos- 

 sibility of observing the sequence of the overlying beds. 



The next rocks seen, and of which the stratigraphic relations are known, are the 

 mesozoic sandstones found in the hills at Engenhos Araga and Pamonha, and which 

 appear to dip gently to the north-west, that is, in the direction of the serra.* This 

 dip necessitates at least one syncline between this place and the mountains. Abov^e 

 these follow various beds of sandstone and limestone which are described more in 

 detail elsewhere, all of which aj^pear to belong to the cretaceous, with certain excep- 

 tional facies referred to in speaking of the age and correlation of the mesozoic Brazil- 

 ian beds. 



The cretaceous beds are somewhat disturbed, and some of them slightly meta- 

 morphosed. They are richly fossiliferous in places, and have furnished the interesting 

 series of fossils described by Dr. White in his " Contributions to the Paleontology 

 of Brazil.'' 



The horizontal tertiary beds (B) which overlie these do not end along a well-de- 

 fined line as one might infer from the section, but seem to have covered at one time 

 almost all the mesozoic rocks, and to have been largely removed by denudation, leav- 

 ing shoulders here and there, some of them but a few hundred feet and some of them 

 miles in width. These beds are horizontal as far as the unaided eye can determine, 

 non-fossiliferous, and are made up of particolored alternating strata of clays and sands, 

 with here and there calcareous bands and concretions. 



The last beds are those of quaternary and recent times which lie against the 

 tertiary, cretaceous, paleozoic or archsean as the case may be. 



Recapitulation. — Explanation of the section : 



M. Archasan, (?) schists. 



K. Conglomerates, sandstones and shales of the Itabaiana series, partially meta- 

 morphosed. 



II. Not seen. 



G, Limestones and shales. 



F. Not seen. 



E. Sandstones of Pamonha and Araga. 



D. Oolitic limestones and sandstones. 



C. Chalky beds of Sapucary, Andorinhas, etc. 



B. Horizontal tertiary sandstones and clays. 



A. Quaternary and recent. 



* The fossils from these beds arc referred to in Dr. White's work as coming from "Pamona," which should read 

 Pamonha. 



