306 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY 



and then wonder why you succeed so poorly in obtaining heavy pro- 

 ducts. I am sorry to say it, but the conviction is forced upon me 

 that the Chinese — with a trifling exception in favor of the Portu- 

 guese — are the only people in California who understand, or at least, 

 prove they understand, this doctrine of restitution that I have spoken 

 so much about. 



And now a few words on the importance of a proper agricultural 

 education, since that topic has been introduced in my remarks, and 

 I leave this branch of my subject. 



The difference of opinion regarding the nature, province, or useful- 

 ness of an Agricultural College, seems to me mainly to grow out of 

 the different sides from which -the matter is viewed, whether the 

 advocate favors science or practice most, forgetting that the well edu- 

 cated agriculturist should combine in himself both the science and 

 the art which he professes ; the science of the laboratory and the art 

 of the furrow ; the science of the lecture-room, and the art of the 

 field ; the science of the student, and the art of the farmer. The dif- 

 ference between knowledge and wisdom receives nowhere a better 

 illustration than in a mixed study like agriculture. Knowledge 

 may be either theoretical or practical, but wisdom is knowledge put 

 in practice. What the agricultural school must do is to teach not 

 alone the knowledge of the books, not alone .the practice of the fields, 

 but the agricultural wisdom, which involves both. Head and hands 

 of the pupil must work together, must try all things that promise 

 well, and know the reason of his failure as of his success. No quacks 

 in the hall, no dull teamsters in the field. As agriculture is especially 

 an industrial art, the manual labor practice of that art should be an 

 inevitable part of the education and discipline of the pupil. Our 

 Agricultural College, then, should be a place for the complete educa- 

 tion of farmers, where the wisest general economy of farming is 

 taught, involving all its main, practical, and scientific details. 



In considering agriculture. East and West, one cannot fail to notice 

 a marked difference in the homes of those who practice it. Gen- 

 erally speaking, the broad dissimilarity between the two is that our 

 Eastern brothers, cousins, and fathers have begun to cultivate the 

 beautiful, whilst we still stolidly adhere to the useful. One of the 

 most striking proofs of the progress of refinement in the United 

 States is the rapid increase and improvement of taste for rural embel- 

 lishments. All the older portions of the Eastern and Middle States 

 furnish a panorama of lovely home spots. In this far Western State 

 there are, I know, a multitude of lovely, of magnificent country 

 houses; but in Maine, Vermont, and New York, for instance, that 

 same sesthetic taste and loving culture which are here found evi- 

 denced in country seats and suburban retreats, are there found 

 displayed in every farm house. Both East and West there are excep- 

 tions, but I leave it with you, if it is not the exception there to find a 

 farm house on an estate from ten acres up that does not look like a 

 home, and the exception here to find one very much above that 

 domestic order of architecture, Cabinis Simplex. The lovely farm 

 houses scattered up and down the San Joaquin Valley, if gathered 

 together, would not make a very large city. 



Fortunately the enjoyment of what may be called a more refined 

 nature is every day becoming more and more widely diffused. Pretty 

 cottages and villas, as a rule, are rapidly multiplying in California; 

 but, ladies and gentlemen, as a rule, these cottages and villas are the 



