474 SECOND ANNUAL CITRUS EXHIBITION 



lectual people to pursue such a calling. Further, all countries 

 requiring irrigation have a dry soil and atmosphere, insuring as a 

 rule much greater healthfulness than a climate where rain falls 

 frequently. Our almost perpetual sunshine is in a remarkable degree 

 healthful, and no people or country can long enjoy good health who 

 are by anj^ means deprived of sunshine. Then the density of popu- 

 lation caused by irrigation will enable us to have fine schools, 

 churches, railroads, telegraphs, etc., all of which will cause us to 

 advance in all that tends to make life more elevated and pleasant. 

 In conclusion, I will only say that those of us who have experienced 

 the benefits of living under such happy circumstances have very little 

 desire to change for a climate where nature is more liberal in the 

 form of rain. 



Samuel McCoy, of Riverside, had found the land wet down all the 

 way to surface water, which was found at a depth of sixty feet. 



James Bettner had dug a well near a ditch; he found surface mois- 

 ture down two feet, then dry earth for a few feet, then moisture, which 

 was evidently the leakage from the ditch, which extended down to 

 surface water, a dej^th of seventy feet. 



E. W. Holmes found moisture all the way down on irrigated land, 

 but the soil was very dry to a considerable depth under the house 

 where it could not get water, either from the clouds or the irrigation 

 ditches. His trees stood it six weeks last summer without water, but 

 showed the want of it before the end of the seventh week. 



G. W. Garcelon would not put out lemon seedlings, they were not 

 a success. Some had very good success with them, but he did not; 

 they were unhealthy. He had lost nearlj^ all his seedlings. He 

 found that the Lisbon lemon budded on the seedling stock preserved 

 the seedling root. He had dug a well to a depth of eighty feet, right 

 where a domestic stream had run for several years; he found mois- 

 ture all the way down, and he was of the opinion that irrigation was 

 making the land permanently moist, so that it would require less 

 water after being cultivated a few years than it does the first year 

 after being broken up. 



E. Caldwell had hfty seedling lemon trees, eight years old, in 

 orchard; they were healthy. He believed that good cultivation 

 would' keep the seedling lemon tree in a healthy condition. He 

 thought that the lemon, in the future, would play an important part 

 in orcharding in southern California. Lemons would increase in 

 value, while oranges would decrease. The lemon yet had its reputa- 

 tion to make. We all knew that it had a merit which would com- 

 mand a standing in the markets. Lemon trees must be cut back 

 frequently. 



Mr. Rudisill said that the lemon gum disease first made its appear- 

 ance in 1822, in the Azores. In 1857 it was taken to Spain and Por- 

 tugal; in 1863, to Sicily. France has had the subject examined by an 

 expert; he reported that the disease was the result of trees overbear- 

 ing; it attacked lemon more than it did the orange. In France they 

 cut out the diseased wood, and then cauterized the wound with a hot 

 iron. Here quicklime had been used to advantage. 



E. W. Holmes believed in prevention; trees were planted too deep; 

 he had never lost a seedling lemon root except where the tree had 

 been too much flooded, or had been set too deep in the ground. He 

 had lost orange trees that had received too much water when he had 

 hard-pan for a subsoil two feet below the surface. By clearing away 



