442 FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER BARNARD. 



Thirty years after his graduation he delivered the annual oration 

 before the society of the Yale Alumni. After some experience in 

 teaching at the Hartford Grammar School, he served as Tutor at Yale 

 in 1830. In those days young graduates of the College were broken 

 in for tutors at Hartford. Having an apprehension of deafness, which 

 was in the family and which had begun to reveal itself in his own 

 case, he connected himself, in 1831, as instructor with the Asylum for 

 Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, and a year later with a similar institu- 

 tion in New York. He originated a system still used in institutions 

 for the deaf and dumb, and published an analytic grammar with sym- 

 bolic illustrations. His leisure he devoted to the study of theology, 

 and to writing for the Hartford Review, which the poet Whittier was 

 editing. The friendship which he then formed with Whittier lasted 

 for sixty years, and was recognized by the poet in 1870 by dedicating 

 to liim his "Miriam." It was a graceful and generous compliment 

 which the great poet paid to the President of Columbia College when 

 he wrote that in those old days of their early acquaintance Dr. Bar- 

 nard had a greater chance of distinction even in literature and poetry 

 than himself. 



In 1837 Dr. Barnard accepted an appointment as Professor of 

 Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University of Alabama; 

 in 1848 he became Professor of Chemistry. Meanwhile resuming his 

 theological studies, he took orders in the Episcopal Church. In 1854 

 he went to Oxford University in Mississippi as Professor of Mathe- 

 matics and Astronomy. In 1856 he was elected President; a title 

 changed in 1858 to Chancellor. While in the South, he urged the 

 claims of science to a higher place in a liberal education. In the 

 agitation between Northern and Southern views in regard to Califor- 

 nia, and other burning questions of the day, he spoke boldly for the 

 Union. On July 4, 1851, he delivered an address at Tuscaloosa, and 

 wrote a patriotic ode. At the outbreak of the civil war he found 

 himself in a delicate position ; he resigned his place in the University 

 in 1861, and sought to return North, but was refused a passport by 

 Jefferson Davis. For a time he was not permitted to leave the Con- 

 federate States, but finally was allowed to go to Europe. On his 

 journey, by the way of Fortress Monroe, he was stopped at Norfolk, 

 where he remained until the city came into the hands of the Union 

 army. Going then to Washington, he found friends and employment. 

 In 1862 he was engaged on the reduction of Gilliss's observations on 

 southern stars, under the Director of the Naval Observatory. In 1863 

 he was placed in charge of chart-printing and lithography for war maps 



