102 



GRAMMAR OF THE LANGUAGE 



[of nouns.] 



Wschumaissak, cows, calves 

 Nenayungesak, horses 

 Hi quak or liitgook, trees 



Tscholensak, birds 

 Tsquallak, frogs. 



Substantives derived from active or neutral verbs take in the plural 

 the termination ik : 



EXAMPLES. 



Wcnitschanit, father or mother, parent, from 

 Wentschikin, to descend, grow out of) 



Wenitschanitschik, parents 



Wdallemansitschik, the owners of cattle, birds, 

 fowls, &c. 



Pemsitschik, those who are going 



Peyatschik, those who are coming 

 Elemussitschik, those who are going away 

 Wikhetschik, the cultivators of the earth 

 Mikemossitschik, labouring people 

 Mannachetschik, hewers of wood 

 Elauwitschik, hunters. 



Of the various kinds of Substantives. 



The substantive combines itself in this language vvitli almost every part 

 of speech, but principally with the verb. We have seen those immediately 

 derived from active or neutral verbs : we shall now proceed to others of 

 an analogous description. 



1. There are substantives derived from passive verbs: they end in iva- 

 gan and have no plural : 



EXAMPLES. 



honour, the being ho- 



Machelemuxowagan 

 noured 



Gettemegelemuxowagan, the being shewn fa- 

 vour, mercy, tenderness 



Mamschalgussowagan, the being held in re- 

 membrance 



Mamiutochimgussowagan, the being esteeroed 



Wulakenimgussowagan, the being praised 



And many others of the same kind. 



Machelemoachgenimgussowagan, the receiv- 

 ing honour and praise 

 Amangachgenimgusswagan, the being raised or 



elevated by praise 

 Schingalgussowagan, the being taken 

 Mamachtschimgussowagan, the beiug insulted 

 Pilsohalgussowagan, holiness, purity 



Note. — It might, indeed, be said that substantives in this language 

 have a passive mood, so nearly are they allied to verbs, as will be shewn 

 in its place. 



2. There are, moreover, substantives which are akin to participles, 

 such as, 



Ahoalgussit, the beloved 

 Mi( -hclcmuxit, the honoured 

 Nilchgussit, the killed 

 Lckhikit, the one who is writing 



Mikemossit, the one who is labouring, the la- 

 bourer 

 Nanbillowit, the one who takes care of the dead 

 Schingaluesit, the enemy, the adversary. 



3. There are also those which are derived from verbs but assume the 

 character of participles, such as, 



Ppmmauchsow&ganit, he who is living 

 \hoaltowagaiiit, he who is love 

 Wulainorwaganit, he who is the truth 

 Wacheyekumuil, he who is the li^hi 

 Wdallcmunsit, the owner of the cattle 



Wewikit, the master of the house 

 Weiiilsch.itiil, ,[ child's father or mother 

 Gettemagelowaganit, he who is mercy 

 Tschitanessowagauit, he who is strength. 



