DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 189 



Female: Total lengtlv, 14 mm.; abdomen, 9 mm. long, 7.5 mm. broad; rephalothorax, 

 6 mm. long, 5— wide ; face, 2 mm. wide. Tlie colors vary much. I have collected speci- 

 mens in England, Scotland, and Wales having the bright jellows shown in tlie [ilates; luit 

 have taken others in Norway with dark or blackish folial coloi-s. 



Cephalothor.\x : Corselet oval; color orange brown, with a yellow marginal band, 

 lateral stripes; fosse, a longitudinal slit, with deeper indentation in the centre; corselet 

 grooves sufficiently distinct; cephalic suture deep; caput depressed at the face; slightly 

 pubescent. Sternum cordate, hairy, with sternal cones, elevated in the centre; brownish 

 color. Labium and maxillre as in Epeira; color brown, wiih yellowish tips. 



Eyes: Ocular quad elevated; wider in front than behind; eyes not greatly difterent in 

 size; MF separated by about two diameters; MR by aliout one. Side eyes on tubercles; not 

 contingent; SF (round) larger than SR (oval), somewhat smaller than IMR; separated from 

 MF by about 1.3 area of the latter. Front row slightly recurved, rear row longer and pro- 

 curved; height of elypeus about two diameters MF. 



Legs: 1, 2, 4, 3; orange yellow, with brown annuli at tips of joints; well armored with 

 gray bristles and yellow and brown spines on metatarsus; spines with black bases; palps 

 and mandibles orange yellow, the latter conical and parallel. 



Abdomen: Triangular ovate; longer tlian broad; dorsum arched to the apex and some- 

 what flattened ; apical wall high, jjerpendicular, and almost as thick as the base. The color 

 varies from velvety brown to yellowish gray, with numerous yellowish white bristlelike 

 hairs. Between the shoulder humps on the basal front is a yellow cruciform marking, 

 interrupted in its members at their crossing. The folium has an interrupted scalloped 

 margin of yellow receding towards the apex. On the sides are lateral lines of yellow, and 

 longitudinal ribbons of yellow mottled with brown. Further down the sides are dark 

 brown, covered thickly with yellowish hairs. The ventral pattern is a broad rectangular 

 ribbon of brown, lighter in the centre, and flanked on eitlier side by a broad yellow ribbon, 

 which extends with an interruption around the brown spinnerets. The epigynum (Plate 

 XL, 10, lOd) has a long wrinkled scapus, broadest at the base, but somewhat diminished 

 towards the tip, which is rounded and spooned. 



Male; I have no male of this species from America, and the only specimen in my 

 collection from Ireland (Mr. Thomas Workman) is much damaged. I have therefore given 

 in Plate XL, Figs. 11, 11a, Blackwall's figure of this sex, correcting, however, the defective 

 drawing'of the second leg, whose tibia is more robust, and provided with two parallel rows 

 of short, strong, black clasping spines on the anterior surface. The male bears a marked 

 resemblance to the female, but is smaller, S mm. 



Distribution : I have specimens from Minnesota (Mr. Ainsley), Wisconsin (Professor 

 Peckham) ; Dr. Marx has specimens from Vancouver's Island on the west and Newfoundland 

 on the east. It is not improbable that this species has been introduced from Europe by 

 immigrants, inasmuch as so few examples have been reported. It, however, is fixed upon 

 our shores, and may be expected to occur along the northern tier of States and Territories 

 from ocean to ocean, and in the future will doubtless be distributed southward at least to 

 the semitropical States. E. diademata is one of the longest and best known species of 

 Europe, where it is common, and is known as the "Cross Spider." It is probably found in 

 the contiguous parts of Africa and Asia. It has been the subject of numerous studies by 

 anatomists and histologists, having been generally accepted as the representative type of 

 Orbweavers. 



No. 47. Epeira Peckhamii, new species. Plate XVIII, Figs. 5, G. 



Female : Total length, G mm. ; abdomen, 4.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide across the base ; 

 cephalothorax, 2.5 long, 2 wide. On my first casual study of this species it seemed to me a 

 Zilla, and is so named in the plate, which was printed before closer study disclosed my error. 



Cephalothora.x : Corselet oval, almost as wide as long ; rounded at the edges ; elevated 

 in the centre; fosse a deep circular pit; corselet grooves indistintt; cephalic suture well 



