PAWNEES. 9 



long stem is clean, and then cuts and rnl^s the toliacco in 

 his hand, mino-linu' it with the dried leaves of the sumach 

 lest it have too irreat strength ; then {t-tter a peculiar invo- 

 cation to the deity tills the bowl of tlie pipe made of a red 

 kind of stone, and draws his hand carefidly across the 

 stem and again asks God's propitious care. He spealKS to 

 some boy or girl to reach him a coal of tire. When the 

 pipe is fairly lighted, he presents the stem to the mouth of 

 the owner, who draAvs in a mouthful of smoke and raising 

 his face toward heaven, he lets a cloud of incense rise with 

 a prayer to my father above, then draws another mouthful 

 and l)lows it earthward, and prays to my mother benelith, 

 and then tour more, tirst to the east, then south, west and 

 north, at each of which he utters a prayer to that wind ; to 

 my uncle to be favorable and kill my poverty; after 

 an additional whiif or two the officiating priest still holding 

 his pipe in his hand, presents it in a similar manner to the 

 next, who gofs throngh with the same incantation of ap- 

 parently sincere devotion, and then he passes it to the next 

 to the end of th(» company ; each praying in his turn to 

 the same deities, giving them the same appellation of rela- 

 tionships. AMien the fuel becomes exhausted the one who 

 tilled it goes through an additional religious ceremony, and 

 clears out the bowl and the stem of the pipe, and returns 

 it with the tobacco pouch to its owner, smd the ju-ayer 

 meetinof is closed. 



Now perhaps an invitation arrives to go to a feast, and 

 •it is expected that the giiests will go immediately. The 

 messenger takes us to another lodge, similar in all respects 

 to the one we have already left. We are obliged to follow 

 close or we might lose the way, there is such a similarity 

 among the lodges that w^e can scarcely distinguish one from 

 another, and their is no regularity in their position. Non- 

 a lodge and now a horse pen, of willow poles stuck in the 

 gi'ound near each other, large enough to contain ten or a 

 dozen horses closely huddled together. On the way we 

 shall probably hear the harsh voice of the public crier, who 

 is an old man sent about the village to announce the news 



