154 REPORT ON MURRAIN. 



cumstances is often productive of greater harm. If the animal 

 survives to some extent, consolidation, or hepatization of the 

 lungs is safe to occur, with adhesions more or less to the sides. 



The post-mortem appearances presented in annuals which 

 have died from the effects of murrain are rendered variable from 

 the complications with which it now and then occurs. The most 

 simple being that in which the animal dies from implication of 

 the digestive organs, utter prostration from want of support, and 

 the effects of profuse salivation being the immediate cause. 

 The muscles of the body are pale, soft, and flaccid, and wasted, 

 the secretions being diminished. 



Bowels empty, with here and there patches of ecchymosis — 

 internally the membrane is ulcerated extending from the mouth 

 and fauces, to the small intestines, and even the rectum, the 

 fourth stomach participating the most. 



in milder cases, the third stomach 1 have found constipated, 

 the mouth and gullet only being affected. 



Extreme ca-es are marked in addition to the above by dis- 

 organisation of the lungs, liver, spleen, or altogether ; congestion 

 of the brain and medulla oblongata ; the blood resembles treacle, 

 and will not coagulate ; patches of ecchymosis and inflamma- 

 tion here and there are found over the bowels. 



The condition of pyaemia being in some cases established 

 prior to death taking place, the tendency to early gangrene 

 present, and rapid putrefaction ensuing, particularly in sheep 

 and pigs. 



MEASURES ADVOCATED IN THE FOREGOING PAGES, WITH 

 DIRECTIONS FOR THEIR USE. 



1. Fumigation. — For this purpose sulphur may be burned 

 on a charing dish of hot coals, red hot irons, &c., or chlorine 

 gas evolved by pouring muriatic acid over the black oxide 

 of manganese, and applying heat to the glass vessel in which 

 the mixture is placed. Another process consists in using 

 slightly diluted oil of vitriol ; black oxide of manganese and 

 common salt when the gas is rapidly evolved. 



2. Alum Water, consists of two drams of powdered alum to 

 6 or 8 ounces of water. 



3. Acidulated Solutions. — Sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric 

 acids, in the proportion of half a dram to the ounce of water for 

 the feet, For the mouth, 1 drain to 8 ounces. 



4. Chlorine Wafer is made by directing a current of the gas 

 from the retort or flask in which it is generated through a volume 

 of water. 



5. Hay Tea consists of a large handful of clover or other 



