REPORT ON THE DISEASES OF FARM HORSES. 325 



remain at the land's end some considerable time, either during an 

 idle gossip with some should-be passing friend of a similar 

 calling, or at a public house door, while his lunch is being eaten ; 

 draughty stables, or a want of ventilation, also are fruitful 

 causes. 



Laryngitis, arising from similar causes, often exists as a 

 distinct affection, and if neglected, proceeds with complications 

 of other organs. 



Symptoms. — Inability to swallow fluids or solids, the former 

 r3turning by the nostrils ; the parotid, and sometimes submaxil- 

 lary glands are swollen, hot, and tender, and the guttural pouches 

 are loaded with pustular discharge from the lining mucous mem- 

 brane. 



The pulse is but slightly accelerated in ordinary cases, but 

 as the disease becomes protracted, and deglutition more difficult, 

 it then assumes an irritable and weak character, the urine is 

 diminished and highly coloured, eyes bloodshot, temperature 

 unequal, and sometimes a sore suppressed cough is present. 

 Death sometimes results from protraction caused by the 

 inability to swallow or breathe, an event, on some occasions, 

 prevented by opening the trachea or gullet to pass down nutri- 

 tious fluids, and by the continued use of stimulant and nutritious 

 lavements or clysters.- 



Treatment. — Use incessantly an astringent gargle or electu- 

 ary, as proposed for the sore throat of catarrh, and blister the 

 outer side with the oil, spirits, ointment, or acetous tincture of 

 blistering flies. As soon as food can be taken, allow green food, 

 or carrots, or Swede turnips, parsnips, and hay tea for drink, 

 with doses of aromatic spirits of ammonia, or two oz. spirits of 

 nitric ether, with three or four drams of powdered gentian twice 

 a day. Greater advantage will be derived by dividing the 

 quantities recommended into three doses, one to be given in the 

 middle of the day. 



Bronchitis sometimes may be said to exist as a separate 

 disease, but more frequently is associated with disease of the 

 substance of the lungs. The causes are those which we have 

 already enumerated for catarrh and sore throat. 



Symptoms. — A short hard cough is present, which, by its 

 frequency, teases the animal very much ; the throat is affected 

 more or less ; respiration is accelerated, and pulse is hurried, 

 soft, yet compressible. Unequal temperature is observed, the 

 coat stares, secretions and excretions are checked. Shortly the 

 cough becomes more frequent, and at length softens with declin- 

 ing severity. If the ear is placed to the course of the windpipe, in 

 front of the neck, the effect of passing air up and down, and being 

 obstructed by secreted thick mucus from the inflamed tube 

 branches, will be plainly heardas a forcible rasping gurgling sound. 



