REPORT ON THE DISEASES OF FARM HORSES. 327 



a surface as formerly. Hence we have blowing respiration, the 

 elbows turned out, and at first a full but oppressed pulse, which 

 gradually becomes weak and indistinct, stupor and stertor of 

 breathing comes on, with copious perspiration, and if not relieved 

 the animal soon dies. 



Treatment. — Bleeding is resorted to by practitioners in this 

 disease during the full state of pulse, and is attended with 

 beneficial results. Put on plenty of clothing, remove him to a 

 large airy box, and administer half a pint of brandy or whisky, 

 which should be repeated in 90 minutes or two hours. The 

 practitioner will use ammonia in its various forms, and nitric 

 ether — all of which are splendid agents. 



I have known the disease to recur frequently in the same 

 patient, if the domestic treatment and work, &c, is not carefully 

 attended to. 



Inflammation of the Lungs. — Pneumonia, or inflammation 

 of the substance of the lungs, is usually ushered in by a shivering 

 fit of greater intensity of duration as the severity of the attack 

 may occasion. This is followed by an irregular heat of the skin, 

 hot dry mouth, with other mucous membranes reddened and 

 dry. The pulse numbers 70 or 80 beats, is full and oppressed, 

 countenance is expressive of anxiety ; respiration is accelerated, 

 numbering perhaps 30 to 35, or more, the action being quick, 

 laboured, and short, the principal movement being witnessed in 

 the abdomen — the chest being kept as much a fixed point as 

 possible. The animal stands fixed and dogged, with outstretched 

 limbs, protruding head, and nostrils dilated, every effort being 

 made to bring into use the auxiliary muscles of respiration, and 

 provide, by means of those parts of the lungs yet unaffected, 

 sufficient air for the large amount of blood going through them. 

 The back is fixed and rigid, constipation exists, urine scanty and 

 highly coloured, and the skin is harsh, dry, and tight to the body. 



Cough is not invariably present at first, but is not such a 

 distressing symptom as in bronchitis or pleurisy. Auscultation 

 and percussion enable us to form a definite idea of the state of 

 matters within. If the ear is placed to the side of the chest, 

 behind the shoulder, the usual respiratory murmur is quite 

 absent, and in its place, over the affected parts, a crepitation or 

 rattling is heard, similar to the sound emitted from paper when 

 crushed up in the hand. Of course this varies in proportion to 

 the amount of space affected. Sometimes only one lung is seized, 

 usually then the whole gland is silent, as far as the murmur is 

 concerned. If both are affected, the abnormal crepitation and 

 inaudibility of respiratory murmur are confined to the posterior 

 portion. The free parts are characterized by a greater degree of 

 sound and action. The expired air is hotter than natural, and, 

 as the disease advances, greater difficulty in breathing exists, 



