REPORT ON THE DISEASES OP FARM HORSES. 335 



Treatment. — Give laxative medicine, and follow up by sul- 

 phate of iron, or gentian and nitre. 



Inflammation of the Bladder occurs from the presence of 

 calculi, but is not a common occurrence under any circumstances 

 in the horse. 



I have known it arise from the practice of mischievous boys 

 inserting pieces of stick through the vagina in mares. 



Symptoms. — Incontinence of urine, which is scarcely ever 

 bloody or high coloured, it comes away as fast as it enters the 

 bladder. There are symptoms of fever, irritable pulse, pain, 

 uneasiness, &c, &c, and loss of appetite. 



Treatment. — Exactly as for nephritis, but care must be ob- 

 served as to the use of laxatives, as in some cases the bowels 

 participate in the disturbance and diarrhoea sets in. 



Preventive Treatment. — Avoid strong diuretic medicines and 

 bad food, &c, and institute careful management. Those diseases 

 of the urinary organs which do not depend upon morbid or 

 malignant states are mostly to be rectified by these means, being 

 results of the errors of diet, &c. In parturient mares allow of no 

 interference except by practical hands, and not then, unless 

 nature is fustrated in her efforts by mal-position or mal-formation 

 of the foal, &c. 



Phlebitis. — Inflammation of the jugular vein. This is by 

 no means uncommon, particularly among those horses where the 

 master or groom views bleeding as a necessary act to ensure 

 health. Practice, even in mischief, we imagine, would bring 

 expertness — but it is not always so in bleeding. Owing either 

 to the dirty state of those surgical hatchets called phlemes, or 

 the numberless times it has been driven into the vein, inflamma- 

 tion sets up, effusion takes place around it, as well as on the inner 

 side, and the result is, the passage is blocked up by a cylinder of 

 lymph, and in process of time becomes one mass of organised! 

 material. Sometimes the imperfect pinning up of the wound, 

 or the presence of hairs or other foreign matter allowed to be 

 included, produces all the effects described. At other times it 

 may be caused by the animal rubbing himself ; or the presence 

 of the insect which is the cause of mange having crept into the 

 wound when animals suffering from that disease have been bled. 

 Such a result is always to be dreaded in that disease. 



Inflammation arising from inflamed vein sometimes extends 

 to the head, and death ensues ; but loss of the vein in all cases 

 produces inconvenience when the animal is turned out to grass, 

 swelling of the head and neck, owing to the deficient return of 

 blood, being a natural consequence. 



Treatment. — Keep the animal perfectly quiet, and tie up the 

 head for some hours as soon as the heat, pain, and swelling in- 

 dicate what is going on. Poultices and fomentations may be 



