ON TRANSPLANTING TREES. 375 



undergone the amputation of his limbs, cannot be expected to 

 recover from such severe treatment, or to have the same chance 

 of surviving as a younger and more robust subject ; while in addi- 

 tion to the loss of many of those organs, which served the tree 

 as the absorbents of moisture and nourishment, deprived of its 

 chief moorings, how can it be expected to withstand, erect and 

 unscathed, the storms of winter ? 



The methods usually employed in transplanting are various, 

 and differ according to the nature of place and circumstances, as 

 well as to the end in view. They may, however, be classed 

 under two separate and distinct heads : — 



1. Horticultural Transplanting. 



2. Arboricultural Transplanting. 



The former has reference, and is applicable only to small trees 

 or shrubs, and the usual modes of conducting operations in this 

 case, are so well known cind understood, as to render it unnecessary 

 for the present to occupy time in relating them. The latter 

 system, on the other hand, and the proper modes of performing 

 operations under it, require considerable notice, and this branch 

 of the subject includes the discussion of the successful manner of 

 removing heavy and large plants. Indeed, it is a branch of rural 

 economy, in itself a complete and distinct art, requiring much 

 care and foresight, as well as an accurate knowledge of the phy- 

 siological peculiarities of the species, and also some considerable 

 skill in landscape gardening, not only to insure its successful 

 accomplishment, but to obtain such results as the increased ex- 

 pense involved by the process warrant the operator to expect. 

 In prosecuting it in the case of heavy specimens, the aid of 

 machinery is indispensibly requisite, and, where unusually large 

 trees are for special reasons desired to be removed, considerable 

 risk and expense are incurred — more so, probably, than the ulti- 

 mate advantages justify. 



Passing over, therefore, the consideration of horticultural 

 transplantation, or the removal of merely transplanted seedlings, 

 such as are commonly used in forming young plantations, as 

 beyond the province and purposes of this paper, we shall, in 

 further detailing the methods employed, and the precautionary 

 measures necessary to ensure success in transplanting, specify these 

 merely as regards plants of some attained height, from about 

 three or four feet and upwards, or rare and valuable specimens 

 of recently introduced coniferas, or evergreen shrubs. In the 

 case of many of these new pines, early transplantation is pro- 

 ductive of much ultimate advantage to the habit of several of 

 the varieties in this climate, either by checking undue growth, 

 or promoting the formation of strongly-fibred roots. 



It is customary, before removing a large hard wood tree, to 

 subject it to a system of preparation: This has been found very 



