' PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 405 



and 5, took the lead, after thinning, and kept it during the whole 

 season. The rainfall in July was above the average. In August 

 it was unusually dry ; during the rest of the season it was gene- 

 rally moist. 



The crop was weighed on the 19th December. In this case 

 I have given only the arranged table of results (Table XVI.), 

 the only one which has been supplied me. 



Experiments made hj Mr. A. Bowie, Mains of Kelly ) Arbroath. 



The field on which these experiments were made had been 

 previously submitted to two rotations on the six shift system — 

 the grass in both cases having been cut for hay. In the first, a 

 liberal supply of manure had been applied to the potatoes and 

 the wheat, the following turnip crop having been raised with 

 special manures (chiefly phosphates) alone. The barley follow- 

 ing the green crop received about 22 tons of well-made manure 

 per Scotch acre. In the second rotation the wheat got no farm- 

 yard manure, and only 4 cwt. of bone-dust. Rinderpest having 

 greatly reduced the supply of manure in 1866, Mr. Bowie re- 

 solved again to raise his turnips with special manures ; and this 

 field, having been rather severely treated, and deficient in vege- 

 table matter, he selected as peculiarly suited for the experiments. 

 The wheat crop of 1865 was good, and the autumn stubble fur- 

 row deep and dry, so that two important preliminaries to a good 

 turnip crop were secured. The field was cross ploughed, and 

 in spring grubbed, and repeatedly harrowed and rolled. 



The seed was sown on the 13th June, at a time when the 

 weather was too dry, the rainfall during May and June having 

 been extremely small — in the latter scarcely exceeding 1*0 inch. 

 In spite of this, the crop came away very equally, and though 

 the plots of the second section were thinner than those of the 

 first, it was found that when they were singled on the 13th 

 July, at ten inches apart, there was little difference between 

 them, the number of plants not varying more than from 1 to 4. 

 Unfortunately Mr. Bowie did not count the plants when weighed, 

 but none cf them died out, though some were imperfectly de- 

 veloped. 



The crop was carefully examined before singling, on the 11th 

 July, but the only plot then marked as noteworthy was No. 6, 

 which was scarcely better than the nothing plots. 



Another examination was made on the 11th August, when 

 No. 6 appeared even worse than the nothing ; and it was further 

 noticed, that on all the plots of the second section disease had 

 manifested itself — in some cases strongly, in the shape of round 

 holes in the leaves, as if perforated with shot, and the bottoms 

 of them coloured yellow, as if finger-and-toe were about to ap- 



