FLOWERS AND INSECTS.* 



CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN ACCOUNT OF THE ECOLOGICAL RELA- 

 TIONS OF THE ENTOMOPHILOUS FLORA AND THE ANTHOPHI- 

 LOUS INSECT FAUNA OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF CARLINVILLE, 

 ILLINOIS. 



Charles Robertson. 



The following paper belongs with a series begun in the 

 Botanical Gazette, Vol. XIV, May, 1889, which has reached 

 the fifteenth number in the Gazette for February, 1896. The 

 papers on Umbelliferae and Asclepiadaceae to Scrophulari- 

 aceae, in Vol. V, 449-460, 569-598, and on Labiatae and 

 Rosaceae and Compositae, in Vol. VI, 101-131, 435-480, 

 of these Transactions, as well as a paper on the Philosophy 

 of Flower Seasons, in the American Naturalist, XXIX, 97- 

 117, Feb., 1895, are parts of the same series. Unless other- 

 wise stated, the observations were made in the neighborhood 

 of Carlinville, Illinois, and within the limits of Macoupin 

 County. 



In making up the indexes to the literature of the several 

 genera, use has been made of the bibliography compiled by 

 D'Arcy W. Thompson, published in the translation of Miiller's 

 Befruchtung der Blumen, and giving titles of books and 

 papers published up to 1883; of MacLeod's continuation of 

 Thompson's list for the period 1883-1889, Bot. Jaarboek, 

 1890; of the abstracts by Miiller and Dalla Torre in Just's 

 Bot. Jahresbericht, those of Ludwig and others in the Bot. 

 Centralblatt and those of Loew in the recent work now to be 

 mentioned. Next in importance to the translation of Miiller's 

 Befruchtung der Blumen is Loew's Bliitenbiologische Floristik 

 des mittleren und nordlichen Europa sowie Gronlands — 

 Svstematische Zusammensteilung des in den letzen zehn 



* Presented by title to the Academy of Science of St. Louis, April 6, 

 1896. 



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