78 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



The observations made have established approximately the relative 

 ages and rates of growth among themselves of the natural sediments, 

 the irrigation deposits, and the culture-strata. It remains to cor- 

 relate either of these with a chronological date. Unfortunately, the 

 coins thus far discovered were all of copper alloy and altered beyond 

 legibility, and the dating value of the various objects found will be 

 * known only after further study by specialists. 



If the work should be continued, Professor Pumpelly has little 

 doubt that the culture-strata of the city of Anau will supply the 

 material needed to complete a most valuable time-scale. 



The objects collected at Anau fall into four categories : 



(i) A large amount of pottery most systematically collected by 

 Dr. Schmidt and studied by him at St. Petersburg. 



(2) Five hundred and ninety-eight numbers of special objects, 

 representing all the objects used in daily life except the pottery and 

 larger stone implements. These also are being studied at St. Peters- 

 burg by Dr. Schmidt. 



(3) Large stone implements. 



(4) Many hundred pounds of bones of animals which were sys- 

 tematically collected at the older tumulus. These have been studied 

 by the archeological osteologist, Dr. Diirst, at Zurich. A recent 

 report from him shows that in the beginning of the oldest culture 

 zone of the tumulus — i. e., in the lower fifth part, there were only 

 wild animals, as follows : 



Wild ox. Bos namadiais Falconer, agreeing closely with Bos 

 naviadiciis of the Central Asiatic Pleistocene, which represents for 

 Asia the Bos primigenius Boj. 



Wild sheep, Ovis arkal Blasius. 



Wild boar, Siis scrofa fcrus Gmelin. 



Gazelle, Gazella subgutterosa Giildenstaedt. 



Fox, Viilpes viontanus Pearson. 



Wolf, Caiiis lupus. 



The horse appeared to be Eqzms caballus L. {fossilis robustus 

 Nehring) , agreeing remarkably with Eqims caballus of the European 

 diluvial. Dr. Diirst is not sure that the horse was not tamed. The 

 progress of domestication of the ox and sheep is clearly shown and 

 begins to appear at about 12 feet from the bottom. From the wild 

 Bos 7ianiadicus (^pyirnigenms') were developed the domestic cattle, at 

 first as large as their ancestors, but diminishing to a smaller size in 

 the layers of the upper or copper (or bronze) culture of the tumulus. 



Equally clearl)^ defined is the gradual progress of evolution from 



