278 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



cigars, and candied fruits were taken as gifts to Chinese officials and 

 for their entertainment. A proper use of these articles in return for 

 courtesies received accords with the custom of the country. 



The cost of traveling in China has rarely been stated in such a 

 manner as to afford a basis for estimate, and it is desirable to place 

 on record the experience of the expedition for the benefit of those 

 who may plan similar journeys. 



A list of daily expenses or rates of expense follows : 



Services : 



Head servant ; takes charge of other servants ; guarantees their service to you 

 and your pay to them ; makes contracts ; purchases supplies ; may manage offi- 

 cial ceremonies and interpret, etc. Per month, I40 to I50. 



No. I " boy " ; acts as substitute for head servant ; superintends arrangements 

 at inns ; does the work of a valet ; takes care of property en route and at inns, 

 etc. Per month, |i2 to |i6. 



Cook ; skilled in preparing European food. Per month, $12 to $\6. 



"Boys" and first-class coolies, employed as personal attendants to perform 

 any required service or labor. Per month, I5.50 to $7.50. 



Kumshav^'S — /. e. , gifts — which custom requires in return for temporary serv- 

 ice rendered by magistrates' servants, soldiers, and couriers, may be reckoned 

 at rates of coolie pay, from 250 to 400 cash for each servant per day. In case 

 the number of recipients is large and the service slight (an escort of welcome 

 or farewell or the squad of retainers in attendance at a kung kuan during the 

 noon stop), 150 to 200 cash apiece (sixteen cash to one cent gold). When travel- 

 ing by the highway this charge varies from $2.50 to |4 per day ; in country 

 districts away from officialdom it is much less. In case the service is continued 

 some days or longer, there should be added a reasonable allowance for subsist- 

 ence, including that of a horse in case of a mounted man. 



Subsistence : 



In the selection of foreign food to be carried on the journey individual taste 

 will rule, but the temptation is to carry more than is needed. Coffee, sugar, 

 baking-powder, salt, canned milk, and butter are the principal articles of food 

 not obtainable except in the largest cities of the interior and the ports of China. 

 A ration, including these articles, with flour, lard, dried fruits, sweet chocolate, 

 preserves, and small quantity of canned goods, maybe reckoned at 35 cents per 

 man per day. Twenty-five cents additional may be allowed for fresh meats, 

 vegetables, and fruits. 



Fuel is usually limited to charcoal and kerosene, but these are both available 

 everywhere except in remote mountain regions. Asphyxiation by charcoal 

 gases is a not uncommon occurrence, on account of the general use of open 

 braziers and the absence of ventilation. An outfit of oil-stoves and portable 

 lamps is to be recommended for winter journeys. 



Chinese inns furnish rooms only ; all else is extra. The charge for a No. i 

 room, with quarters for servants and cooking, is 50 to 75 cents per day. 

 Transportation : 



Where horses, mules, or donkeys and their drivers are employed with carts, 

 riding saddles, or pack saddles, i tael, about 65 cents, per day per animal is a 

 usual charge. 



