A. E. Verrill — The Bermuda Islands. 585 



Gromwell. (Lithospermum distichwn Ort.) 



Found only by the sea-side, probably native. A plant of Mexican 

 origin. 



Sea-side Vine. {Ipomaea pes-caprm Sweet). 



A very common native vine growing close to the sea-shore and on 

 the sand-dunes, where it is useful in binding the sand. The leaves 

 are roundish and fleshy. Flowers purple ; two inches long. 



Black Mangrove; Olive Mangrove; Blackjack. (Avicenna nitida 

 Jacq.) 



Figure 43. Plate LXXIV. Figure 1. 



An evergreen native tree, of the Verbena family, very common in 

 the mangrove swamps, associated with the true mangrove. Found 

 also on the tropical coasts of America and Africa. It resembles the 

 mangrove in size and foliage. 



Sea Orache. (Atriplex cristata H. B.) 



A grayish, erect, sea-side shrub, common on the North Shores. 

 Widely distributed on the tropical American coasts. 



Glasswort; Samphire. (Salicornia fniticosa L.) 

 Abundant in salt marshes. Widely distributed. 



Sea-side Grape; Grape Mangrove. (Coccoloba uvifera L.) 



Plates LXXXI-LXXXIII. 



This curious polygonaceous tree is common along the South Shore, 

 just above high-water mark, where it forms a good windbreak in 

 many places, as near Hungry Bay. It sometimes grows also in the 

 marshes. 



It seems to be nearly immune against the poisonous nature of salt 

 spray. Indeed, in many places the great waves of the September, 

 1899, hurricane swept directly over and far beyond the row of Sea- 

 side Grapes, often laying bare many of their roots, and breaking 

 their branches, but yet without killing them. It might be set out 

 to advantage in many other exposed situations. 



When old there may be a short, stout, basal trunk or root-crown, 

 two to four feet in diameter (sometimes 21 feet in circumference 

 and two or three feet high, according to Lefroy), from which a num- 

 ber of stout trunks, sometimes six or seven, arise in a cluster, some of 



