A. JEJ. Verrill — The Bermuda Islands. 



i -ii 



and about three rows of black bristles; yellowish on sides; abdomen, 

 dark brown or blackish, the segments with narrow curved basal 

 bands of whitish or pale cream-color, and with some whitish lateral 

 spots, upper surface covered with brown or blackish scales; venter 

 whit'sh. Legs mostly blackish, not banded; coxa? usually ochrace- 

 ous; femora dark above, gray below, with yellow scales at tip; tibiae 

 deep brown, ochraceous at tip, bristles brown. This widely distrib- 

 uted mosquito seems to be the most abundant species here. 



In the United States from New York to Gulf of Mexico ; West 

 Indies ; South America ; and in nearly all tropical countries. 



Yellow-fever Mosquito; Tiger 3Iosquito. (Stegomyia fasciata 

 (Fabr.) Theobald.) Figures 95, a; 99; 100. 



Probably the yellow-fever mosquito* (titegomyia fasciata (Fab.), 

 figs. 99, 100, had been introduced here from the West Indies, before 

 the first epidemic of that disease (see p. 511), if not on many pre- 



* For much information regarding this subject, see the following pamphlet : 

 Results obtained in Havana from the destruction of the Stegomyia fasciata 

 infected bij Yellow Fever; II. The Propagation of Yellow Fever ; by Major W. A. 

 Gargas, Medical Corps, U. S. Army. Sanitary Dep., Havana, Ser. 4, 1902.— These 

 papers are of great interest and importance as demonstrating that yellow fever 

 in Havana is transmitted by this particular mosquito, and in no other way. 

 The disease was fully controlled simply by destroying these mosquitoes in var- 

 ious ways, and preventing them from gaining access to fever patients by the 

 liberal use of screens. By these means and without special disinfection of 

 rooms or clothing, the fever was reduced to a minimum after March, 1901, when 

 this method was commenced. No cases whatever occurred during the four 

 months, from October to January inclusive, which has not happened before in 

 150 years or more. The average number of deaths from yellow fever from April 

 1st to December 1st, since 1889, had been 410.54, but by the anti-mosquito 

 methods it was reduced to 5, in 1901; yet in 1900, with the most careful and elabor- 

 ate methods of ordinary disinfection, very little impression was made on the yel- 

 low fever, for there were 1244 cases and 310 deaths in 1900, but in 1901 there 

 were only 18 deaths, 12 of which occurred in January and February, before the 

 destruction of the mosquitoes was commenced. Yet the conditions were in 

 other respects very favorable for a bad epidemic in 1901, for about 40,000 non- 

 immune emigrants had arrived, — a larger number than ever before. In view of 

 such results there seems to be no doubt whatever that the true source of the 

 yellow fever infection has been demonstrated and also that the disease can be 

 easily and surely controlled in all cases, if suitable care be used to destroy this 

 pernicious mosquito. Moreover, the same efforts will simultaneously eradicate 

 the malarial mosquito and other species, as well as the Horse-flies and Forest- 

 flies (Tabanus), most of which have aquatic larvae. For further details see L. 

 O. Howard, Mosquitoes, How they Live, etc. 1901 ; Insect Book, p. 98 ; and 

 Geo. M. Giles, Handbook of Gnats and Mosquitoes, London, 1902. 



