764 A. E. Verrill — The Bermuda Islands. 



and two posteriorly, on the eighth abdominal. It feeds here on the 

 "red head" or false ipecac (Asclepias curassavica), a common intro- 

 duced Aveed. In other countries it feeds on various other species of 

 Asclepias (milk-weeds). 



This butterfly is remarkable for its strong wings and long vigorous 

 flights, and also for its migratory habits. In southern New Eng- 

 land it assembles in autumn in vast flocks, often of many thousands, 

 which alight to rest on the same tree every night for several weeks 

 early in autumn, and finally they all fly away southward together. 



I have observed these flocks on the same tree (or on adjacent ti - ees 

 when disturbed) for over thirty years on Outer Island, in Long 

 Island Sound, not far from New Haven, Conn. They assemble 

 gradually each year, at about the same date, in September, but the 

 time of their southward flight varies somewhat according to the tem- 

 perature, and may be influenced by the abundance or scarcity of the 

 aster and goldenrod blossoms, upon which they chiefly depend for 

 food at this season. Farther south some of these butterflies hibernate 

 and come out again in early spring. 



It is well known that this butterfly has an odorous secretion, 

 offensive to birds and other creatures that might otherwise feed upon 

 it. I have often offered freshly caught specimens to dogs that were 

 fond of eating other butterflies, but they have invariably refused to 

 touch this species, showing very plainly by their facial expressions 

 that the odor is to them very disgusting — probably much more so 

 than to human beings. 



Another American butterfly, the Viceroy {Basislarchia archip- 

 pus Scud(leT=Ztimenitis archippus), which closely imitates the Mon- 

 arch in form and color, though somewhat smaller, has not yet been 

 recorded from Bermuda. See plate lxxxii ; figures 6, 6a. This 

 remarkable instance of imitative protective coloration has been fully 

 discussed by several writers, and especially by Mr. S. H. Scudder.* 

 The Monarch now occurs in nearly all temperate countries, in both 

 hemispheres, and even in Australia. 



Queen Butterfly. (Anosia berenlce (Cram.)= Dana is berenice Cram.. 

 Papil., pi. ccv ; Sm. and Abbot, 1, pi. 7.) 



Figure 125. Plate LXXXIII ; Figure 1. 



This species is much less common. It was first recorded by llurdis, 

 May 15, 1840, who regarded it as a variety of the preceding. lie 

 states that it is finely spotted with white and lacks the black lines 



* Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, p. 120. 



