A. S. TIFFANY ANCIENT WATERWAYS. 11 



At Victor, Iowa county, Iowa (elevation, 806 feet), an artesian boring went 

 through 348 feet of drift, while at Homestead, 22 miles eastward (elevation, 86(3 

 feet), the Kinderhook lias but a light covering of drift. Again, at Wilton, Musca- 

 tine county, Iowa (elevation, 672 feet), about 50 miles east of Homestead, an artesian 

 well went through drift, including a large bowlder, to a depth of 300 feet ; while at 

 Limekiln, six miles northwestward, the Niagara limestone is in place at a higher 

 elevation, and at Moscow, only four miles west of Wilton (elevation, 652 feet}, the 

 Hamilton shales form the river bluffs. 



Phenomena analogous to those of Eock island occur in Missouri, as shown by the 

 Report on Coal, published by AVinslow in 1801. This preliminary report gives a map 

 of the coal mines and coal pockets in rocks of different ages in twenty counties. 

 They are horizontally disposed basin-shaped cavities, with diameters of 800 to 1,000 

 feet, from j;0 to 80 feet deep, filled with strata of coal and shale, bituminous and 

 cannel coal frequently occurring in the same pocket. These pockets range from the 

 margin of the Coal Measures in place to 120 miles distant from them. Swallow 

 located 23 of these pockets in Cooper county, four of them lying within five miles 

 above Booneville. Since Swallow's report was published, many more of these 

 pockets have been explored and the coal worked out. They extend to near Boone- 

 ville, and lie in close proximity to the beds from which Messrs Blair and Sampson 

 and the writer made large collections of Keokuk crinoids, the Keokuk rocks rising 

 in the sloping cliff more than 50 feet above the coal. The coal beds vary in thick- 

 ness from 20 to 30 feet, while the accompanying shales are very thin. According 

 to Swallow, these abnormal deposits are found in ravines and cavities of denuda- 

 tion in rocks of all ages, from the Archimedes limestone down to the Calciferous. 

 The well-known bed in Calloway county is said to be over 80 feet thick. 



These excavations in rocks of different ages show the enormous erosion which 

 took place in the Mississippi valley anterior to the coal period, and the basin shape 

 of some of them suggests that they were produced by ancient waterfalls. 



Remarks were made by E. W. Claypole and Samuel Calvin. 



The three following papers were read by title : 



SOME DYNAMIC AND METASOMATIC PHENOMENA IN A METAMOEPHIC CON- 

 GLOMERATE IN THE GKEEN MOUNTAINS 



BY CHARLES L. WHITTLE 



PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE GLACIATED AREA OF NORTHEASTERN KANSAS 



BY ROBERT HAY 



THE THICKNESS OF THE DEVONIAN AND SILURIAN ROCKS OP CENTRAL NEW 



YORK 



BY CHARLES S. PROSSER 



The President made a few appropriate remarks and declared the meet- 

 ing adjourned. 



