REVIEW OF AUTHORITIES. 113 



ported 700 feet of red shale in Madison county and 100 feet of green 

 shale at Cherry Valley (A-gri. N. Y., table on p. 178). 



J. — Vanuxem stated : " It [the Niagara] thins out to the east, leaving 

 not a trace to be seen east of a line passing south through the village of 

 Mohawk, in Herkimer county" (Geol. X. Y.. pt. hi, p. 90); while Pro- 

 fessor Hall wrote : " Starting from the typical localit}^ of the Niagara 

 group, where, of the shale and limestone, we have a thickness of some- 

 thing more than 200 feet, and tracing the outcrop in an easterly direc- 

 tion, we find a very gradual but pretty constant thinning ofthebeds of the 

 formation, so that at a point 100 miles east of the Niagara river it has a 

 thickness of scarcely 100 feet. Farther eastward, in Oneida county, the 

 formation is still thinner " (27th Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., 187"). 

 p. 123 ; also Proe. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1874, vol. xxii, B, p. 327). Vanux- 

 em, in 1840, stated that " the greatest thickness of this group [the Protean, 

 divided later into Niagara and Clinton] must be over 200 feet" (4th Ann. 

 Rep. Third Geol. Dist. N. Y., p. 375). Emmons stated : " On Swift creek, 

 in Oneida county, it is a dark concretionary mass, about four or five 

 feet thick, accompanied with a dark-colored slate" (Agri. N. Y., p. 151"). 



K. — Vanuxem was able to measure part of this group on Swift creek, 

 a tributary of Sauquoit creek, in the southwestern part of Oneida county, 

 where beds to the thickness of 94 feet are exp< >sed, but he states distinctly 

 that this is not the entire thickness of the group (Geol. N. Y., pt. iii. 

 pp. 84, 85) ; while Dana states : " In Oneida. Herkimer and Montgomery 

 counties the rock is 100 to 200 feet thick. . . . Near Canajoharie, 

 which is not far from its eastern limit, the formation has a thickness of 

 50 feet " (Manual Geol., p. 220). Emmons stated : " It is 1 »etween 5t > and 

 60 feet in Warren, in Herkimer county " (Agri. N. Y., p. 150). 



L.— The Medina in the State well, near Syracuse, has a thickness of 

 about 807 feet (see Englehardt, Ann. Rept. Supt. Onondaga Salt Springs 

 for 1884, pp. 1(3, 17) ; Avhile Professor Hall wrote : u This rock [Medina] 

 thins out entirely in an easterly direction in Oneida county, showing 

 from that point westerly as far as Lake Ontario a gradual increase in 

 thickness " (Geol. N. Y., pt, iv, 1843, p. 43). Since the line of the present 

 section is about half way between Syracuse and the eastern side of 

 Oneida county, it would seem from the above statements that 400 feet 

 would be about the thickness of the Medina for this section. 



M. — On the northern branch of Salmon river, which is very nearly in 

 line with the present section, Vanuxem stated : " Not less than about 100 

 feet of the rock [Oswego sandstone] is there exhibited" (Geol. N. Y.. 

 pt. iii, p. 70). Emmons stated: " The whole thickness of the sandstone 

 and limestone is not over 100 feet " (Geol. N. Y., pt. ii, p. 126). Professor 

 Emmons also reported the Oneida conglomerate at Utica as "a mass 20 

 or 30 feet thick overlying and resting immediately upon the thin-bedded 



