302 R. CHALMERS — BAY OF FUNDY COAST TX THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



stratified clay, was referred to in my report on thesurface geology of 

 southern New Brunswick* This bowlder-clay forms a marginal strip 

 of the land from Carleton to Duck cove, one and a half to two miles in 

 length, and in the hank facing the sea rises from 40 to 60 feet in height 

 above the beach. The part of it jutting out into the hay and forming a 

 headland opposite Partridge island is called Negrotown point. A break- 

 water lias been coastructed there. The bowlder-clay at this point attains 

 its greatest width, being 1,033 yards across in a north and south direc- 

 tion. At the Fern ledges, so called, from three-quarters of a mile to a 

 mile west of the breakwater, it narrows to 215 yards, again widening out. 

 however, before being overlapped at Duck eove, a little beyond, by fos- 

 siliferous Leda clay and Saxicava sands. At the Fern ledges the exposed 

 thickness of the bowlder-clay, including the intercalary stratified seams, 

 is by actual measurement 61a feet, but its thickness decreases to the 

 eastward. 



Direction of Stride on Rocks. 



The ledges which come out on the shore from underneath the bowlder- 

 clay here are well striated, the direction of the striae being S. 2° W., S. 

 2° *E., S. 10° E., S. 20° E., S. 80° E., S. 56° E., S. 60° E., and S. 65° E. 

 (true meridian), and several of these courses appearing often on the same 

 surface. The stoss-side is invariably to the north. These divergent 

 striae are noteworthy and indicate very clearly the action of several 

 bodies of ice as they debouched into the sea. 



To the east of the Fern ledges no rock exposures are seen along the 

 shore, and the bottom of the bowlder-clay is covered up by beach sands 

 and by the bowlders and debris which have fallen down as the bank is 

 being eroded by the sea. 



Topography of the District north of the Bowlder-clay Deposits. 



Immediately to the north of this marginal belt of bowlder-clay and 

 occupying the peninsula between the mouth of the Saint John river and 

 the Bay of Fundy lies a group of hills from 175 to 225 feet high, known 

 as Carleton heights. The rock surfaces on many of these are bare and 

 exhibit their highly glaciated condition. The main courses of the stria- 

 are S. 2° E. and S. 16° W. (true meridian). 



The district around the mouth of the Saint John river has a hilly and 

 broken surface, but the larger portion of it lies, nevertheless, below the 

 220-foot contour line. It is a locality which has been very favorably 

 situated for the nourishment of glaciers. Accordingly we find here 



♦Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. iv, pari N, 1888-89. 



