366 K. CHALMERS — BAY OF FUNDY COAST IN THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 



must therefore have extended some distance beyond the present coast 

 line; and from this fact the inference may he drawn that when it was 

 deposited (lie land stood as high as at present relative to sea-level and 

 perhaps higher. 



Fossil marine Shells. , 



Their Occurrence in the Bowlder-clay at Negrotown Point. — The first dis- 

 covery of marine shells in the bowlder clay at Negrotown point was 

 made by YV. J. Wilson* my assistant, in 1891. Heavy storms during 

 the previous winter, accompanied by very high tides, had eroded and 

 undermined the bank to such an extent as to cause landslips, and 

 also to clean off the falling debris from the face of the slope, thus afford- 

 ing fresh exposures. The locality was examined by Baron Gerard de 

 Geer, of the Swedish Geological Survey, and on several occasions since 

 by myself, and I now feel certain the shells in the stratified portion of 

 the bowlder-clay at least are in situ, and lived in the sea along this coast 

 during the glacial period, and were entombed in these clays when the land 

 stood considerably lower than at present. 



In regard to the shells found in the unstratified bowlder-clay, some of 

 them may have been pushed out in the deposits from the littoral into 

 deeper waters by land ice. The presence of Mya arenaria in these beds 

 along with Yoldia arctica, etc, may thus be accounted for. The irregular 

 line of contact between the stratified and unstratified beds, the gradual 

 changing of one into the other along this line, the fact of curving, irregu- 

 lar strata running up diagonally into the overlying unstratified mass in 

 many places, all tend, in my judgment, to show that the unstratified 

 fossiliferous bowlder-clay has also been deposited in its present situation 

 beneath the sea. 



Their Occurrence in the Bowlder-clay of the Saint Lawrence Valley. — 

 Marine shells have been found by Sir J. William Dawson in the bowl- 

 der-clay of the Saint Lawrence valley, at Isle Verte, Riviere du Loup, 

 Murray bay and Saint Nicholas.^ the species comprising Leda truncata 

 of Brown, Yoldia arctica of Sars, Balanus hameri and Bryozoa, the two 

 latter adhering to bowlders and large stones, "evidencing," as the author 

 says, " that they had for some time quietly reposed in the sea bottom 

 before thev were buried in the elav.'"t 



* I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to W. J. Wilson, my assistant on the Geological Srfrvey 

 of Canada, for the collection of shells obtained from the bowlder-clay at Negrotown point, and for 

 timely and valuable observations which his residence in Saint John enabled liim to make. 



t Notes on the post-Pliocene Geology of Canada: Can. Nat.. 2d series, vol. vi. 1x71'. p. 25. 



J Till or bowlder-clay containing an intercalary fossiliferous seam of clay occurs at Portland, 

 Main.'. Professor C It. Hitchcock gives a section of it in Geology of New Hampshire, part iii. p. 

 ■jT'.e ''lit the fossils found in it do not seem to have been kepi separate from those collected in 

 other i'e< Is in that vicinity called Champlain, so that I am unable to correlate them h ith the fossils 

 of the Saint John bowlder-clay. 



