368 K. CHALMERS — BAY OF FUNDY COAST IX THE OLACIAL PERIOD. 



have been confluent, bui there were also glaciers from the adjacent val- 

 leys and from the hills in the vicinity of Saint John harbor. The 

 divergent courses of striae recorded in this paper indicate that the dis- 

 charge of these into the depression of the Bay ofFundywas not strictly 

 contemporaneous; but successive, for no single body of ice moving out 

 into an open bay would, in my judgment, be likely to produce striae 

 diverging 65 to 67° apart, even with the land more elevated than it now 

 is. Moreover, independent of the striation of this particular Ideality, we 

 have in the eastern provinces of Canada very good evidence of the ex- 

 istence and diverse movements of local glaciers throughout the whole 

 glacial period.-'- What the height of the coast district was at the time 

 this lower bowlder-clay was thrown down, however, cannot he deter- 

 mined with any degree of accuracy. In the later Tertiary it was "200 

 feet or more above the level at which it now stands relative to the sea.f 

 It may be stated that not only Partridge island, but the islands of 

 Campobello and Grand Manan, lying off the mouth of the Saint Croix 

 river, have been overridden by the land-ice. The latter is now sepa- 

 rated from the mainland by a strait or passage 45 to 50 fathoms deep and 

 from 8 to 9 miles wide. X Ice of such a comparatively local character as 

 has been shown to have occupied the eastern provinces of Canada in the 

 Pleistocene! could not, it seems to me, reach Grand Manan unless the 

 land were higher relative to the sea than at present. 



But whatever views may be entertained regarding the height of the 

 land when the lower bowlder-clay referred to was deposited, the upper 

 or overlying glacial deposits, stratified and unstratified, were evidently 

 laid down when the subsidence of the land was in progress and had 

 perhaps reached its maximum. The stratified fossiliferous portion, from 

 its position and height above sea-level and the well-preserved condition 

 of a number of its contained fossils, unequivocally proves that the coast 

 must have then been from 100 to 200 feet lower than it now is. The 

 retirement of the ice at this time, whether caused by the subsidence and 

 consequent breaking away of its margin or by an amelioration of the 

 climate, or by both, does not seem to have been more than local, this 

 supposition being at least sufficient to afford an explanation of all the 

 facts. The irregular lenticular condition of the stratified portions and 

 the fact of tongues of these being interstratified with the overlying un- 

 stratified bowlder-clay indicate with tolerable certainty that they must 

 have been deposited iis we now find them along or near the ice-front. 



*Glaciation of Eastern* Canada. R Chalmers, Canadian Record of Science. Montreal, April, 

 1889. Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, L885 to L889. 



fAnn. Rep. Geol. Sun. Canada, vol. iv, 1888-89, pp. 8, On. 



X Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, vol. iv, 1888 '89, pp. Is. 19 re. 



I R. Chalmers, Ann. Reports Geol. Surv. Canada, L885 to L889. Trans. Roy. Soc. of Canada, 1886, 

 sec. ■», art. to. Canadian Record of Science, April, 1889, pp. 319-333. 



