396 PROCEEDINGS OF OTTAWA MEETING. 



his final report. It is a volume of 543 pages and exhibits the greal 

 labors performed and the enormous sums which were expended under 

 his administration. Dr Newberry had by this time returned to Wash- 

 ington and had become attached to the Smithsonian Institution. He 

 also held a professorship in the Columbian University of Washington 

 during 1856-1857. 



In 1864 the School of Mines, < Jolumbia College, New York, was founded, 

 and in 1866 the chair of geology and paleontology was created, anil a 

 call was extended to Dr Newberry. He accepted and remained in the 

 uninterrupted discharge of his duties until a stroke of paralysis, Decem- 

 ber •".. 1890, made work impossible. It was never resumed. 



This long interval of twenty years is marked by incessant activity, for, 

 in addition to instruction in the college, a vast amount of investigation 

 and writing was carried on. Opportunities for scientific work and dis- 

 tinction outside of New York appeared and made possible the greatest 

 efforts of his life. When the legislature of ( >hio established a state geo- 

 logical survey in 1869, Dr Newberry, who had all along kept his house- 

 hold and home in Cleveland, was called by Governor Hayes to the 

 directorship. Active organization was soon effected and a comprehen- 

 sive scheme of work was blocked out. Three reports of progress were 

 issued, the last extremely brief. The final reports comprised four vol- 

 umes on the geology of the state, two on its paleontology, one geologic 

 atlas and a report on the zoology. They all appeared between 1869 and 

 1882. One or two were printed in German as well as in English. A 

 large part of the field-work was done by the director himself, and the 

 descriptions of a number of counties are from his pen. Of course the 

 summation is also his. In paleontology notable discoveries were made 

 of fossil fish and fossil plants. The reports on these two groups by Dr 

 Newberry probably attracted as much attention from scientific men as 

 any other portions of the survey's work. Observations on the geologic 

 history of the great lakes and their relationships to the glacial period 

 were recorded, which have proved fruitful of later results. Not a few 

 men began their geologic work in the survey or took part in it. who have 

 since become leaders. ('<. K. Gilbert, h\ D. Irving, Henry Newton. N. 

 II. Winched and Edward Orton, the able and courteous director of the 

 present Ohio survey, may he mentioned. Probably an error of judg- 

 ment was committed in postponing the economic work until the last, for 

 before these reports, which always have greatest value and interesl to the 

 people ;it large, were reached, the legislature cut short the appropriation 

 on the ground, as one rural member said, that too much money was de- 

 voted to clams and salamanders. 



Dr Newberry also did :i large amount of paleontologic work for the 



