420 PROCEEDINGS OP THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



creator to creature. Occam's Summa * contains a chapter devoted to 

 the distinction of absolute and connotative names. The whole deserves 

 to be read, but I have only space to quote the following : " Nomen 

 autem connotativum est illud quod signiticat aliquid primario et aliquid 

 secundario ; et tale nomen proprie habet diffinitionem exprimentem 

 quid nominis et frequenter oportet ponere aliquid illius diffiuitionis in 

 recto et aliud in obliquo ; sicut est de hoc nomine album, nam habet 

 diffinitionem exprimentem quid nominis in qua una dictio ponitur in 

 recto et alia in obliquo. Unde si queratur quid significat hoc nomen 

 album, dices quod idem quod ilia oratio tota ' aliquid informatum albe- 

 dine ' vel ' aliquid habens albedinem ' et patet quod una pars oi*ationis 



istius ponitur in recto et alia in obliquo Huiusmodi autem nomina 



connotativa sunt omnia nomina concreta primo modo dicta, et hoc quia 

 talia concreta significant unum in recto et aliud in obliquo, hoc est 

 dictu, in diffinitione exprimente quid nominis debet poni unus rectus 

 signifieans unam rem et alius obliquus significans aliam rem, sicut pa- 

 tet de omnibus talibus, iustus, albus, animatus, et sic de aliis. Huius- 

 modi etiam nomhia sunt omnia nomina relatiua, quia semper in eorum 

 diffinitionibus ponuntur diversa idem diuersis modis vel diuersa signi- 

 ficantia, sicut patet de hoc nomine simile. Mere autem absoluta sunt 

 ilia quae non significant aliquid principaliter et aliud vel idem secundario, 

 sed quicquid significatur per tale nomen a?que primo significatur sicut 

 patet de hoc nomine animal." Eckius, in his comment on Petrus His- 

 panus, has also some extended remarks on the signification of the term 

 connote, which agree in the main with those just quoted.f Mr. Mill's 

 historical statement cannot, therefore, be admitted. 



Sir William Hamilton has borrowed from certain late Greek writers 

 the terms breadth and depth, for extension and comprehension respec- 

 tively. \ These terms have great merits. They are brief; they are 

 suited to go together ; and they are very familiar. Thus, " wide" learn- 

 ing is, in ordinary parlance, learning of many things ; " deep" learning? 

 much knowledge of some things. I shall, therefore, give the prefer- 

 ence to these terms. Extension is also called sphere and circuit ; and 

 comprehension, matter and content. 



* Part I. chap. X. (Ed. of 1488, fol. 6, c.) 



t Fol. 23. d. See also Tatareti Expositio in Petr. Hisp. towards the end. Ed. 

 of 1509, fol. 91, b. 



X Logic, p. 100. In the Summa Logices attributed to Aquinas, we read : 

 " Omnis forma sub se habens multa, idest quod universaliter sumitur, habet quan- 

 dam latitudinem ; nam inveniturin pluribus, ct dicitur de pluribus." (Tr. 1, c. 3.) 



