444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



explanation, as the table will sufficiently illustrate the fundamental 



differences between this form and the classi'icatory which is next to 

 be presented. 



II. System of Relationship of the Malayan Family. 

 The Malayan is nearer the primitive system of relationship of the 

 human family than any other hitherto discovered. This is a necessary 

 inference from the fact that it is simpler, and therefore older, than the 

 Ganowanian and Turanian systems, which prevail among the great 

 body of the American Indian and Asiatic nations. It is also evident 

 that the Malayan could not have been derived from either of the other 

 forms, whilst both the Ganowanian and Turanian might have been, 

 and presumptively were, engrafted upon an original form agreeing in 

 all essential respects with the Malayan. It is a classilicatory system 

 as well as the most simple and elementary form of that system. The 

 only relationships recognized are the primary. All consanguinei, near 

 and remote, are classified under these relationships. Eacli term is in 

 common gender ; sex being indicated by adding the words Ka-na for 

 male, and Wci-hee'-na for female. A full knowledge of the system may 

 be obtained by passing through the several lines, and observing the 

 relationship of each person to the central Ego. 



In the lineal line we have Ku-pu-na, grandparent, Ma-ku-a, parent, 

 Kai'-kee, child, and Mu-pu-na, grandchild. The relationship of brother 

 and sister is conceived in the twofold form of elder and younger ; and 

 there are double terms for each relationship, one of which is used by 

 the males and the other by the females, as follows : — 



Elder brother, male speaking, Kai-ku-a-W -na. Female speaking, Kai-ku-nil'-ne. 

 Younger " " " Kai-ka-i'-na. " " Kai-ku-na'-ne. 



Elder sister, " " Kai-ku-na-he'-ne. " " Kai-ku-a-ii'-na. 



Younger sister, " " Kai-kii-wa-he'-ne. " " Kai-ka-i'-na. 



For husband and wife the terms are respectively, Kd'-na, and Wa-hee'-na. 



In the first collateral line, my brother's son and daughter are my 

 son and daughter, each of them calling me father; and their children 

 are my grandchildren, each of them calling me grandfather. My sis- 

 ter's children are also my sons and daughters, and their children are 

 my grandchildren. The same is equally true whether I am a male or 

 a female. 



In the second collateral line, my father's brother is my father; his 

 son and daughter are my brother and sister, elder or younger, and I 



