468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



origin of the remainder, or Turanian portion of the system upon the 

 basis of the tribal organization. 



No evidence has been presented of the prevalence of the Hawaiian 

 custom in Asia or America, or of the intermarriage of brothers and 

 sisters as a general custom. Neither is it necessary for the purpose in 

 hand that such evidence should exist. This solution is founded upon 

 the assumed existence of the Malayan system in Asia anterior to the 

 epoch of the tribal organization ; and if these together are sufficient to 

 explain the origin of the Turanian system, this system then becomes to 

 some extent evidence of the existence of both customs, as well as of 

 the Malayan system in Asia. 



The Turanian system was undoubtedly engrafted upon an original 

 form agreeing in all essential respects with the Malayan. About half 

 of the Malayan relationships must be changed, leaving the other half 

 as they are, to produce the Turanian system. It is clear that the 

 Malayan could not be derived from the Turanian, since the former is 

 the simpler, and therefore the older form ; neither could the Turanian 

 be developed out of the Malayan, since it contains additional and dis- 

 tinctive elements. But a great change of social condition might have 

 occurred which would supply the new element; and such, in all prob- 

 ability, was the history of the transition from the one into the other. 

 How this change was effected is the question. It will be seen, at 

 a glance, that it was only necessary to break up the intermarriage 

 of brothers and sisters, to change the Malayan into the Turanian form, 

 provided the changes in parentage, thus produced, were followed to 

 their logical results. 



Following, step by step, the supposed sequence of customs and insti- 

 tutions which developed the classificatory system of relationship by 

 organic growth, it will next be assumed that the Malayan form, as its 

 first stage, prevailed upon the continent of Asia, among the ancestors 

 of the present Turanian family, at the epoch of the Malayan migration 

 to the islands of the Pacific. In other words, it may be conjectured that 

 the Malayan family took with them from Asia the form which then 

 prevailed, and pi-eserved it to the present time, whilst they left the 

 same form behind them in the stock from which they separated. With 

 the Malayan system thus prevalent in Asia, it may be supposed that 

 another great organic movement of society occurred, which resulted, in 

 the course of time, in the establishment of the tribal organization. 

 This institution is so ancient and so wide-spread that its origin must 



