A. E. Verrill — Bermudian and West Indian Reef Corals. 131 



Pallas described both forms and considered them the same, under 

 the name of M. lacera. The type of carduus is still in the Hunte- 

 rian Mus. (t. Young). 



Probably the Lithophyllia Cabensis Edw. and Haime is only a 

 slight variation of the same young form, for similar variations occur 

 in the adult calicles. 



Mussa angulosa (Pallas) Oken. 



Madrepora angulosa Pallas, op. cit.. p. 299, 1766. Esper, op. cit., i, p. 92, pi. 



vii, 1791. 

 Mussa angulosa Oken, Lehr. Naturg., p. 73, 1815. Dana, Zooph., p. 176, 1846. 



Edw. and Haime, Hist. Corall., ii, p. 329, 1857. 



This species is closely allied to M. lacera. It differs from it in 

 the smaller size of the branches and calicles, which are usually from 

 25 to 50 mm in diameter, and are apt to be crowded and angular. 

 The principal septa are generally rather wide and exsert. A study 

 of a large series of specimens might, perhaps, compel us to unite 

 them in one species. 



It is much less common in collection than M. lacera, and most 

 specimens are beach- worn. It ranges from Florida to the Antilles, 

 but seems to be rare on the Florida reefs. 



TJlophyllia crispa (Lain.) Edw. and Haime. 



Oulophyllia crispa Edw. and H., Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, xi, p. 268, 1849. 

 Ulophyllia crispa Edw. and H., Hist. Corall., ii, p. 378, 1857. 



I have studied a fine large specimen from Singapore, in the Ward 

 collection, now in the Field Columbian Museum, at Chicago. 



This is 12 X 8 inches across, and about 6 inches thick. The valleys 

 are mostly 15 to 20 mm wide, but some are 25 to 30 mm across in the 

 widest places; depth ]o to 15 ram . 



The septa are rather loosely arranged, usually 9 or 10 to a centi- 

 meter, mostly wide and strongly toothed at base, projecting but 

 little above the walls, and not much thickened ; narrow ones alter- 

 nate in some places between the wider ones, but not regularly. The 

 large teeth of the wide septa are mostly broad at base, triangular, 

 about as broad as high, subequal ; usually the larger ones are on the 

 basal part, but not infrequently the larger ones are above the middle. 

 The ridges or collines are angular, broad at base, thin and simple 

 at the summit. Columella variable, sometimes well developed, 

 trabecular, sometimes open or rudimentary. Exterior of the coral 

 lobulated at the margin, faintly costulate, nearly smooth, and with- 

 out spines. 



