178 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



These statistics show, also, the average rate of freight charged by regular 

 freight shipments during the period named. I find the shipments of green 

 fruit has been as follows: 



FRUIT SHIPMENTS. 



GREEN FRT.UT. 



1871 1,832,310 pounds. Average rate (line)$3 38 



1872 2,030,972 pounds. Average rate (line) 3 38 



1873 2.896,530 pounds. Average rate (line) 3 38 



1874 5^029,840 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 50 



1875 2,993,720 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 50 



1876 4,201,730 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 50 



1877 3,818.310 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 50 



1878 2,866,420 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 50 



1879 3,126,400 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 00 



1880 3,141,500 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 00 



1881 7.248,300 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 00 



1882 7,919,340 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 00 



1883 19,222,580 pounds. Average rate (line) 2 00 



1884 11,996,070 pounds. Average rate (line) 1 50 



1885 (six months) 23,937,630 pounds. Average rate (line) 1 50 



But on the passenger train the price of freight is from three to four cents a pound. 



It will thus be observed that for thirteen years there has been a yearly 

 increase of the shipments of green fruit to an eastern market. During the 

 past six months this increase has been remarkable; from 11,996,070 pounds 

 in 1884, to 23,937,630 pounds for the first six months of 1885, and it is 

 estimated it will reach 35,000,000 pounds for the year. This great increase 

 is attributed to several causes. The eastern people are beginning to know 

 what our fruits are, and the demand is greater. The shipment of oranges 

 has more than quadrupled this year over any previous year, and lastly, one 

 of the chief reasons for this increase is cheaper transportation and better 

 railway facilities. 



TRANSPORTATION. 



I may be pardoned for here saying that the interest of the carrier and 

 the interest of the producer are, and always must be, identical; that that 

 which cripples the one will in time destroy the other. When the carrier 

 puts the rate of transportation at a figure which enables the producer to 

 make money, the producer puts forth his best energies and increases the 

 production, and the carrier finds his utmost capacity strained to accommo- 

 date the increased production thus stimulated. 



In other words, cheap transportation inspires large production, and large 

 production makes cheap transportation profitable. Both sides have learned 

 a lesson. The producer has learned that he must have a market,, and the 

 carrier has learned that to make the producer send his products by his line, 

 he must so regulate his prices as to make the business profitable to the pro- 

 ducer. 



The increase in the production of canned fruits since 1871, has been 

 equally great. Some years being less productive than others, the improve- 

 ment has not been entirely uniform; yet the average increase has no par- 

 allel in any other State in the Union. The following are the statistics 

 showing the shipments by rail. Shipments have been made by steamer 

 and clipper ships, but the exact amount of these cannot be obtained. It 

 may here be noted that the first six months of this year, from January first 

 to June thirtieth, are not the months when canned fruits are shipped in 

 quantities. From July first to January first, the chief shipments will be 

 made : 



