188 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



century ago, and their immunity from injury from frosts during all that 

 time, added to the fact that such trees have been continuously prolific 

 bearers of fine fruit, convinced the people that the citrus belt extended to 

 the foot of the Siskiyou Mountains, above the forty-first parallel of north 

 latitude. 



To demonstrate that fact it was determined late in 1885 to hold an Upper 

 California Citrus Fair in Sacramento, in January of this year. This deter- 

 mination was successfully carried out. Seventeen counties were represented 

 in the exhibition with more than eight hundred exhibits. These exhibits 

 represented every kind of soil and exposure of these seventeen great coun- 

 ties. There were oranges and lemons from all the foothills of the coast, 

 and Sierra foothills, from the dry Sacramento plains, and from the dark 

 alluvial soils of the river sides. 



Experts, after a careful examination, declared that these fruits were the 

 equal in all respects of those from any part of the world ; and the unani- 

 mous conclusion of the press and the public was that the upper half of the 

 State would in a few years be a large producer of citrus fruits for eastern 

 shipments. Already extensive areas are being put out in orange and lemon 

 trees, and much more would have been devoted to that purpose if the trees 

 could have been procured. There are some significant facts bearing upon 

 the future of fruit growing in California that can be mentioned in conclu- 

 sion. 



The United States is a country of immense area, with a population of 

 sixty millions of people, and rapidly increasing. It is a country of great 

 wealth, which is comparatively well distributed, enabling a large number 

 of these sixty millions to supply themselves with every comfort and luxury 

 of life. California has been proved to be the only country that can pro- 

 duce several of the prime articles of necessity or luxury. There is no 

 other wine producing region in the United States. It is true that Ohio, 

 Missouri, and New York make a so called wine from grapes, but it is not a 

 wine in the true sense of the word, and would not be consumed by any 

 wine drinking people in the world. California must produce all the wine 

 that these people are to use. There is no other raisin producing region in 

 the United States. To this State must all our vast population of the future 

 look for the raisin supply. The same may be said of figs and pome- 

 granates. 



Olives cannot be grown successfully anywhere in this country except 

 here. We, and those who are to follow us, must produce the olives and 

 the olive oil for the millions that are to inhabit the United States. 



The past year has demonstrated the facts that Florida and Louisiana 

 are not reliable citrus regions, and it has demonstrated that California, 

 from San Diego to Shasta, is a citrus producing country, and that we must 

 grow the oranges and lemons for the country's supply. In view of these 

 facts, and in view of the further fact that the population of the country is 

 rapidly increasing, and that the close of the present century will see nearly 

 one hundred millions of people eager to consume all the products of our 

 orchards and vineyards, the outlook for fruit growing in California is full 

 of promise. 



