198 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



and other citrus fruits. In Tehama County they are growing at Tehama. 

 Vina, and Red Bluff. Redding, in Shasta, produces the finest oranges, 

 lemons, and olives. In all parts of Butte they can be seen. Oroville, in 

 that county, it is estimated, has two thousand bearing trees. Yuba has 

 citrus trees in many localities. Marysville, the county seat, has two thou- 

 sand in bearing. All through the foothills of Nevada, El Dorado, Amador, 

 and Calaveras, the orange tree is growing, and producing to perfection. 

 Placer has several thousand trees, and shipped from the one station of 

 Newcastle alone up to January second, including a carload to Denver, 

 53,778 oranges. At all the principal points in Sacramento County citrus 

 fruits can be seen growing and bearing. It is estimated that citrus fruits 

 are growing to-day in the open air in more than one thousand different 

 places in northern California. It can safely be said that we have passed 

 beyond the stage of experiments, and that the phenomenal success that has 

 attended the planting of citrus fruits in northern California thus far, will 

 insure a great impetus to the business of their production in the future. 

 Our experience, if we had nothing else to guide us, proves that we have a 

 climate adapted not only to citrus fruits, but to the production of cotton, 

 silk, tea, tobacco, olives and olive oil, figs, raisins, dates, and every kind of 

 wine, table, and raisin grape in the world. But we have more than our 

 experience to demonstrate the climatic advantages of central and northern 

 California for the production of oranges, olives, and other citrus fruits. "We 

 find the home of the orange, lemon, citron, shaddock, and other citrus 

 fruits, will be found in the vicinity of Rome, Naples, Florence, Marseilles, 

 Algiers, Jerusalem, Alexandria, etc. The thermal condition necessary for 

 the growth of the olive is a mean of the coldest month of 41°. The same is 

 substantially true of the orange. By comparing the temperature of north- 

 ern California with the temperature of the orange and olive centers of 

 southern Europe, the conditions here are found to be altogether favorable, 

 as the following figures will show: 



Place. 



Mean for 

 Year. 



Mean for 

 Winter. 



Mean for 

 Coldest 

 Month. 



Rome 



Madrid 



Jerusalem . . 

 Marseilles _ . 



Algiers 



Sacramento 



Auburn 



Marysville - 



Chico 



Red Blufl . . 

 Redding 



45 

 43 

 47 

 43 

 53 

 46 

 45 

 48 

 45 

 48 

 46 



00 

 .02 

 04 

 02 



02 

 21 

 .88 

 .70' 

 .19 

 29 



79 



. You will notice, by a comparison of these figures, that Auburn, Sacra- 

 mento, Marysville, Red Bluff, Redding, and other places in northern Cali- 

 fornia, have a higher mean temperature for the coldest month than the 

 cities of Rome, Madrid, Marseilles, Jerusalem, etc., while the thermometer 

 frequently falls to a lower degree in Rome, Naples, and Madrid, than in 

 Sacramento, Marysville, Auburn, or Red Bluff. 



As further proof under this head, we find from the meteorological obser- 

 vations of the Signal Sendee, the most reliable data possible, that the mean 

 or average temperature of this portion of California for 34 years is 60°. We 

 find, further, that the isothermal line of the mean annual average temper- 



