280 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



years of which was spent in California — I have known the young sprouts 

 on cherry and peach trees to be killed perfectly dead in two hours. I have 

 seen this frequently. Evergreen trees, when taken up, and while the roots 

 are well bagged and watered, are often killed before reaching a near 

 market, even in an ordinary north wind. The effect is the same as fire. I 

 have known apple trees ten years old to be killed by a few days of north 

 wind. It cuts down young orange trees like fire or frost; and we dread 

 the north wind more than we do frost. 



Colonel Wilson, of Nord — The north wind nearly destroyed the grain 

 crop in 1875. 



William Gwynne — I saw in 1851, Mr. Harbeson's wheat field in Yolo 

 County, which was then in the milk, wholly blighted in three days. 



Miss Brewster — I have seen the sulphur colored rose, when in vigorous 

 bloom, turn black in three quarters of an hour; a blanket covering furnished 

 no protection whatever. Gelatinous water flowers are not noticeably affected. 

 Hyacinths lose their fragrance in the north wind. 



General Cadwalader — Potatoes are not seriously injured while the ground 

 is moist; but later in the season, if not irrigated, they are seriously dam- 

 aged. Walnut trees are sometimes burnt on the north side from branch to 

 root. 



EFFECT ON THE ANIMAL ECONOMY. 



Cows give fully one third less milk during the prevalence of a north 

 wind. Horses have no travel in them during a north wind, and seem to 

 lack breath, and require double the usual effort to do their ordinary work. 

 The north wind frequently kills young turkeys and chickens. In a very 

 few hours they sicken, begin to droop, and die. Careful people cover them 

 during a north wind. Cattle always become thirsty, nervous, and restless. 



Mr. Bassett — Birds generally cease to chirp and sing; seem to be feverish, 

 and lose their appetite. They bunch up as in cold weather, and refuse to 

 bathe. These effects are as noticeable when the north wind is cold as 

 when it is hot. Setting hens become nervous on the nest, and get off more 

 frequently than at any other time. The nose of the setter dog grows dry 

 and warm, and they will not take the scent. 



William Gwynne — In 1851 I was traveling in Yolo County during a 

 north wind, and saw little birds fall dead from the trees. I took one 

 almost dead to a spring under a shade of grapevines, bathed and fanned 

 it until it came to life. It would not move from the shade. 



General Cadwalader — Coveys of birds are sometimes killed. All ani- 

 mals seek the wells and springs during the north wind. Sheep sheared 

 during the north wind lose greatly in weight. 



EFFECT ON MAN. 



Dr. Harkness — Healthy and strong individuals feel an inconvenience, 

 an agitation, a heaviness difficult to express; the muscular system is more 

 sluggish; individuals afflicted with rheumatism feel their pains renewed; 

 neuralgias increase in intensity or their paroxysms reappear; men are 

 cross-grained and quarrelsome; fights are of frequent occurrence, and our 

 landladies are seldom found in their usual amiable mood. In general, our 

 patients afflicted with chronic or acute affections feel an aggravation of 

 their principal symptoms; they are more fatigued, more agitated, and 

 their febrile state is increased, while, without being able to give any reason 

 for it, they are often gloomy and despondent, Urinary secretion contains 

 an excess of solid ingredients, and is diminished in quantity. The func- 



