80 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



and erect and skilfully superintend the necessary machinery, for the 

 want of a supply of skilled labor to do the necessary work in the exact 

 manner required, the mines of California are to-day producing but 

 thousands where they should produce millions. 



That we are subject to great expense in transporting immense quanti- 

 ties of ores to the old counti'ies for reduction, and are paying millions of 

 doUai'S to labor in foreign lands, when all these mechanical operations 

 should be intelligently accomplished, and all this labor should be artisti- 

 cally performed in our own borders, and all this money be retained and 

 circulated among our own people. In short, that the great centre of 

 mineral wealth of the world should also be the great centre of mineral 

 knowledge and art — that a greater than Swansea should be built up and 

 maintained in California. To accomplish these objects requires the 

 necessary knowledge and skill, and these can only be attained by appli- 

 cation and study, and practice in the proper direction, and with the 

 necessary facilities. To furnish these facilities, the Industrial College, to 

 be establisiied and sustained in California b}' the means and ])ati-onage of 

 the whole people, and for the benefit of all the industries of the State in 

 proportion to their present or prospective relative importance, should be 

 so located, organized, and managed as to give to mining and all the 

 sciences and arts connected with it their full share of attention and con- 

 sideration. An increase of knowledge in mineralogy, in the broadest 

 sense of the term, should be, if not the first, certainly one of the first 

 objects of the institution. 



Tlie mhier in turn should remember that California presents the great- 

 est variety of soils, Ij'ing under the greatest differences of climate, and 

 consequentl}^ is possessed of more extended agricultural resources, and is 

 capable of gV-owing more diversified agricultural productions, than any 

 other equal portion of the earth's surface known to man. Tliat the les- 

 sons in agriculture, learned by theory or practice in any other country, 

 are of but little value here. That the science of agriculture is the 

 foundation of all other sciences. That agriculture itself is the gi-eat 

 basis upon which all other arts are constructed and sustained. That 

 agriculture feeds ever}' other occupation; that it gives life and energ}^ 

 to the skilled engineer, who points out the location of the precious 

 metals, and lights the torch of the miner who penetrates the deep caverns 

 of the earth and brings those meials to the surface. That the more sci- 

 ence, intelligence, prudence, and economy applied in the agrieidtural 

 pursuits, the less the cost of feeding, clothing, and sustaining all other 

 occupations, and the more labor will be spared to engage in other employ- 

 ments to increase the wealth of the State. That the agricidture of 

 California can and should be so revolutionized and improved as to 

 produce, in the greatest abundance, all the necessaries and luxuries 

 demanded by her citizens for consumption, and thus retain within our 

 borders millions of dollars annuall.y exported for the products of other 

 soils prepared by the labor of other people. 



The im])rovement of agriculture, equally with the improvement of 

 mining, should form another leading consideration in the establishment 

 and conduct of the Industrial College; and these two great leailing 

 industries being provided for, all others, including commerce, tlie trades, 

 and learned professions, will naturally assume their proper position and 

 receive their share of consideration. 



