198 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



Europe and tlie United States, the farm has been considered a necessary 

 aid to the studies and experiments pui-sucd, and undoubtedly was in the 

 mind of Congress when the grant was made, for it authorized tlie expen- 

 diture of ten per cent of a principal fund, otherwise inviolable, for the 

 purchase of land for such a farm. 



The location of the farm should determine the location of the school. 

 To be of any use to the school for practical teaching or experiment, it 

 must be near at hand. To make the experiments of any use to the 

 farmers of the State generally, the farm must be so located that its soil shall 

 be a medium of that of the State, its climate the medium of the climate 

 of the State — not in the fogs and winds of the sea coast, the greater heat 

 and rarer moisture of the extreme southern part of the State, or liable 

 to the uncertain climatic changes and late frosts of the Sierras. As near 

 as possible, convenience of access should be considered, and a point on 

 the main thoroughfares of travel in the State would be desirable, if it 

 united other necessary conditions. Such a school, under the patronage 

 of the State, its reports made to the Legislature, and printed bj^ the 

 State Printer, embodying a statement of the result of its experiments, 

 should not be so remote from the Capital but that the representatives of 

 the people may easily visit it, and see for themselves its practical work- 

 ings and benetits, that they may legislate intelligently upon its interests, 

 and convey correct intelligence of it to their constituents. 



Among the industrial pursuits of the State, second to none in impor- 

 tance, whether judged by the numbers engaged in it, or its conti'ibution 

 to the wealth of the State, is the business of mining; not that kind of 

 mining which is done at a broker's board, where speculators play with 

 stocks that are often not worth the paper consumed for certificates. The 

 real honest mining interest of the State needs scientific aid to develop 

 and guide it. A knowledge of geology applied to mining, of metallurgy, 

 etc., would be of vast benefit, and save many foolish enterprises and 

 much waste. A jn'ofessorship in the branches allied to mining should be 

 instituted in the Industrial School, with facilities for teaching geology, 

 metallurg}', and practical mining; and it should be the duty of the Pro- 

 fessor to visit the mines with his class, and teach them minins:, eniJ-ineer- 

 ing, and surveying, by actual work on the ground. The advantage to 

 the State of having our mining engineers and metallurgists trained here 

 in a practical acquaintaince with the conditions and processes of this 

 coast is be^'ond estimate, and an ample field for observation, instruc- 

 tion, and experiment is open to them. 



Four great interests should work harmoniously together in the future, 

 for the benefit of this State: agriculture, mining, manufactures, and 

 commerce. There can be no occasion for conflict between them, or 

 between the sections of the State which thrive b}' them resjieetively. I 

 so insist, because the attempt is made to persuade the agriculturists that 

 it is ])roper to encourage a jealousy of the miners and mining section. 

 I^othing can be more unwise for all concerned. The mining communi- 

 ties furnish ample markets for the products of the farmer; they buy his 

 grain, his fruits, his cattle, and pay therefi)r with their own staple pro- 

 duct. The greater the advance of the mining section of the State, the 

 better customers are its people. Hence it is to the interest of the val- 

 leys to promote the rugged prosperity of the hills. So the miner buys 

 his necessaries more cheaply as tbc farmers of the State prosper in their 

 useful pursuit. The commercial centres have an advantage in fostering 

 the prosperity of the interior, whether mining or agricultural, because 

 trade is thereb}^ enlarged. All classes should be jM-uud of our growing 



